Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tepü

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*töpü

Noun

*tepü

hill, top
top of head

Declension

Declension of *tepü

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*tepü
Accusative	tepünü, tepünüg ¹⁾
Genitive	*tepünüŋ
Dative	*tepüke
Locative	*tepüde
Ablative	*tepüden
Instrumental ²⁾	*tepün
Equative ²⁾	*tepüče

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: тӳпе (tüp̬e, “sky; head”)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: təpə
  - Ottoman Turkish: تپه‎ (tepe)
    - Turkish: tepe
      - → English: tepe
    - → Armenian: թեփե (tʿepʿe), թափա (tʿapʿa)
    - → Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)
    - → Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)
      - ⇒ Greek: τεπές m (tepés)
    - → Persian: تپه‎ (tappe)
- Turkmen: depe
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: түбә (tübä)
  - Tatar: түбә (tübä)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: töpe, töbe
  - Karachay-Balkar: тёбе (töbe)
  - Kumyk: тёбе (töbe)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: төбе (töbe)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: дөбө (döbö)
  - Southern Altai: тӧбӧ (töbö)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (töpü)
  - Uzbek: tepa
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇‎‎ (t²üpü‎, “height”)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (töpü)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: төбө (töbö)
  - Yakut: төбө (töbö)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: тей (tey)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 436
Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 450-452
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 494, 505
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*tepö/ *tepü”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, page 197-199
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 201