< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamga
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Probably from *tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + -ga
Noun
*tamga (Common Turkic)
- brand (mark of ownership put on horses or cattle)
- seal
- tamga
Declension
Declension of *tamga (Common Turkic)
singular | plural2) | |
---|---|---|
nominative | *tamga | *tamgalar |
accusative | ||
genitive | *tamganïŋ | *tamgalarnïŋ |
dative | *tamgaka | *tamgalarka |
locative | *tamgada | *tamgalarda |
ablative | *tamgadan | *tamgalardan |
instrumental1) | *tamgalarïn | |
equative1) | *tamgača | *tamgalarča |
1)The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Karluk
- Karakhanid: تَمْغا
- Chagatai: تمغا
- Uzbek: tamg'a
- Uyghur: تامغا (tamgha)
- → Tibetan: ཐམ་ཀ (tham ka)
- → Persian: تمغا (tamğâ) (or from Oghuz)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: तमग़ा (tamġā)
- Urdu: تمغا, تمغہ
- → Punjabi: ਤਮਗ਼ਾ (tamġā)
- → Hindustani:
- Chagatai: تمغا
- Karakhanid: تَمْغا
- → Proto-Mongolic: *tamaga
- East Yugur: taŋġwa
- Mongolian: тамга (tamga)
- Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: тамга (tamga)
- Southern Altai: таҥма (taŋma)
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: тамға (tamğa)
- Tatar: тамга (tamga)
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: таңба (tañba)
- Karakalpak: тамға
- Nogai: тамга (tamga)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: tamğa
- Kumyk: дамгъа (damğa)
- → Avar: дамгъа (damğa)
- → Dargwa: дамгъа (damγa)
- Karachay-Balkar: тамгъа (tamğa)
- → Ossetian: дамгъæ (damǧæ)
- →? Chuvash: тумха (tumh̬a), тӑмха (tămh̬a) (unless inherited independently)
- → Bulgarian: тамга (tamga)
- → Old East Slavic: тамъга (tamŭga, “stigma”)
- Russian: тамга́ (tamgá)
- East Kipchak:
- Oghuz:
- Turkmen: tagma
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: damğa
- → Armenian: դաղմա (dałma), դամղա (damła) (Karabakh)
- → Lak: ттангъа (t:anğa)
- → Lezgi: тагъма (taġma), тӏамгъа (ṭamġa) (or perhaps from Kumyk)
- → Udi: дамгъа (damɣa)
- Ottoman Turkish: تمغا, طمغا (tamga, damga), طمغه (tamga, damga), طامغه (tamga, damga), دامغه (damga), دمغه (damga)
- Gagauz: damga, tamga
- Turkish: damga
- → Arabic: دَمْغَة (damḡa)
- → Bulgarian: дамга́ (damgá)
- → Georgian: დამღა (damɣa) (or from Azerbaijani)
- → Middle Armenian: տամղա (tamła)
- → Romanian: danga
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: да̏нга
- Latin: dȁnga
- Azerbaijani: damğa
- Siberian Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀, 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰴𐰀 (tamγa, tamqa)
- Old Uyghur [script needed] (tamγa, “stamp, imprint; sign”)
- Sayan
- Tofa: таӈма, даӈма
- Tuvan: таңма (tañma)
- Yenisei:
- Shor: таңма
- Khakas: таңма (tañma)
- Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀, 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰴𐰀 (tamγa, tamqa)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “tamğa:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 504-505