< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumlak
 | This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction
Considering its limited geographical distribution and likely foreign origin, probably not reconstructable to Proto-Turkic proper.
Many languages show secondary sound changes (epenthesis, metathesis or assimilation) which may be irregular, but attested in other words.
Etymology
Most likely from Iranian or Germanic ultimately, see Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Old Norse humli respectively.
Some sources defend the possibility of native Turkic origin, but the evidence is weak.
Verb
*kumlak
- hop (plant)
Descendants
- Medieval
- Karakhanid: قُمْلاقْ (qumlaq)
- Kipchak
- North Kipchak
- Bashkir: ҡомалаҡ (qomalaq)
- Tatar: колмак (qolmaq)
- South Kipchak
- Caspian
- Kazakh: құлмақ (qulmaq)
- Nogai: кылмак (kılmak)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak
- Kyrgyz: кулмак (kulmak)
- Southern Altai: куманак (kumanak)
- Teleut: кумдак (kumdak)
- Caspian
- North Kipchak
- Siberian
- Yenisei Turkic
- Khakas: хумнах (xumnax)
- Shor: қымнақ
- Yenisei Turkic
- Oghur
- Chuvash: хӑмла (hămla)
- (?) → Slavic: *xъmelь
- → Hungarian: komló
- → Mari: [Term?]
Further reading
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kumla:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 628
- Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 137
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kumlak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- András Róna-Tas & Árpád Berta, West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian. Part 1: Introduction, A-K (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011), 556-8.