< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kum
Proto-Turkic
Noun
*kum
- sand
Declension
Declension of *kum
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *kum |
Accusative | *kumnu, *kumnug 1) |
Genitive | *kumnuŋ |
Dative | *kumka |
Locative | *kumta |
Ablative | *kumtan |
Instrumental 2) | *kumun |
Equative 2) | *kumča |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: [script needed] (ҳъʷm)
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qum
- Ottoman Turkish:
- Gagauz: qum
- Turkish: kum
- Salar: gum
- Turkmen: gum
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: qum
- Karachay-Balkar: къум (qum)
- Kumyk: qum (qum)
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: ҡом (qom)
- Tatar: qum
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: құм (qūm)
- Karakalpak: qum
- Nogai: кум (kum)
- Eastern Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: кум (kum)
- Southern Altai: кум (kum) , кумак (kumak)
- West Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- West:
- Uzbek: qum
- East:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qum)
- Uyghur: قۇم (qum)
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qum)
- West:
- Siberian:
- North Siberian:
- Dolgan: кумак (kumak)
- Yakut: кумах (kumax)
- South Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qum)
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tuvan: кум (kum)
- Yenisei Turkic:
- Khakas: хум (xum)
- Shor: қум (qum)
- Northern Altai: кубак (kubak) (Kumandy), кум (kum) (Chelkan)
- Western Yugur: qum
- Old Turkic:
- North Siberian:
- → Hungarian: homok
- → Chechen: гӏум (ğum)
- → Dargwa: гъум (γum)
- → Khinalug: къум (qːum)
- → Lezgi: къум (q̄um)
- → Tabasaran: къум (q̄um); гъум (ġum)
- → Udi: къум (q̇um)
- → Northern Kurdish: qûm
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kum”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill