< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kulkak
 | This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *kulkï (“ear wax, middle ear”), however unclear whether through inheritance or borrowing; compare Mongolian хулхи (xulxi, “ear-wax, inner ear”). Proto-Tungusic *xūl- (“to sound”) is also compared.
Noun
*kulkak
- ear
Declension
Declension of *kulkak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kulkak |
| Accusative | *kulkaknï, *kulkaknïg 1) |
| Genitive | *kulkaknïŋ |
| Dative | *kulkakka |
| Locative | *kulkakda |
| Ablative | *kulkakdan |
| Instrumental 2) | *kulkakïn |
| Equative 2) | *kulkakča |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: хӑлха (hălh̬a)
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *kulkï
- Mongolian: хулхи (xulxi, “earwax, inner ear”)
- Common Turkic:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قُلَقْ (qulaq), قُلْقاقْ (qulqaq)
- Chagatai: [script needed] (qulaɣ)
- Uyghur: قۇلاق (qulaq)
- Uzbek: quloq
- Chagatai: [script needed] (qulaɣ)
- Karakhanid: قُلَقْ (qulaq), قُلْقاقْ (qulqaq)
- Kipchak:
- Northern Kipchak:
- Bashkir: ҡолаҡ (qolaq)
- Tatar: колак (qolaq)
- Western Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: qulaq
- Karachay-Balkar: къулакъ (qulaq)
- Karaim: къулакъ
- Kumyk: къулакъ (qulaq)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
- Karakalpak: qulaq
- Kazakh: құлақ (qūlaq)
- Nogai: кулак (kulak)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: кулак (kulak)
- Southern Altai: кулак (kulak)
- Northern Kipchak:
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قلاق (qulaq)
- Azerbaijani: qulaq
- Ottoman Turkish: قولاق (kulak)
- Gagauz: kulak
- Turkish: kulak
- Eastern:
- Salar: gulaq
- Turkmen: gulak
- Southern:
- قُلَقْ (qulaq) (Qashqai)
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قلاق (qulaq)
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴 (qulqaq)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qulqaq)
- Western Yugur: qulaq
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qulqaq)
- Yenisei Turkic:
- Khakas: хулах (xulax)
- Shor: қулақ
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tofa: қулақ
- Tuvan: кулак (kulak)
- North Siberian:
- Dolgan: кулгаах
- Yakut: кулгаах (kulgaax)
- Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴 (qulqaq)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kulkak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 621
- Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 124-127
- Tenišev E. R., editor (2001) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 204-205
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kul-kak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill