Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kiši

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

It can also be reconstructed as *kiĺi, only if it is related to Evenki иле (ile, “person”).

Noun

*kiši (Common Turkic)

person

Declension

Declension of *kiši (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*kiši	*kišiler
accusative
genitive	*kišiniŋ	*kišilerniŋ
dative	*kišike	*kišilerke
locative	*kišide	*kišilerde
ablative	*kišiden	*kišilerden
instrumental¹⁾		*kišilerin
equative¹⁾	*kišiče	*kišilerče

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Arghu:
- Khalaj: kişi (“woman”)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: كشی‎
  - Azerbaijani: kişi (“man”)
  - Ottoman Turkish: كشی‎, كیشی‎ (kişi)
    - Gagauz: kişi
    - Turkish: kişi
- Salar: kiş
- Turkmen: kişi
Karluk:
- Karakhanid:
  - Chagatai: كىشى‎
    - Uzbek: kishi
    - Uyghur: كىشى‎ (kishi)
Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: киши (kişi)
  - Southern Altai: кижи (kiži)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: кеше (keşe)
  - Tatar: кеше (keşe)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: кісі (kısı)
  - Karakalpak: киси
  - Nogai: киси (kisi)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: kişi
  - Kumyk: гиши (gişi)
  - Karachay-Balkar: киши (kişi)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃‎ (kiši)
- Tofa: киши
- Yakut-Dolgan:
  - Dolgan: киһи
  - Yakut: киһи (kihi)
- Yenisei:
  - Shor: кижи
  - Khakas: кізі (kìzì)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kiĺi”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill