Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kara

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare Proto-Mongolic *kara (“black”), Proto-Japonic *kuro (“black”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

May be related to Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”) since colors indicate direction in Turkic mythology.[1]

Adjective

*kara

black

Derived terms

*kapkara (“jet-black”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: хура (hura)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: qara
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: qara
  - Ottoman Turkish: قره‎ (kara)
    - Gagauz: kara
    - Turkish: kara
      - → Adyghe: къарэ (qaare)
- Salar: gara
- Turkmen: gara
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قَرا‎ (kara)
  - Chagatai: كارا‎ (kara)
    - Uyghur: قارا‎ (qara)
    - Uzbek: qora
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡара (qara)
  - Tatar: кара (qara)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: кара (kara)
  - Southern Altai: кара (kara)
- South Kipchak:
  - Nogai: кара (kara)
  - Kazakh: қара (qara)
  - Karakalpak: qara
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: qara
  - Karachay-Balkar: къара (qara)
  - Kumyk: къара (qara)
  - Karaim: [script needed] (qara)
- Northern Altai: кара (kara), къара (qara) (Qumandy)
Siberian:
- Yenisei Kyrgyz [script needed] (qara)
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰀‎ (qara)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qara)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: хара (xara, “black”), хараҥа (xaraŋa, “dark”)
  - Dolgan: кара
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: кара (kara)
    - Shor: ӄара
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: қара (qara)
    - Khakas: хара (xara)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (gara)

References

https://www.turkedebiyati.org/turk-kulturunu-hangi-renkler-anlatir/