Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kapgak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kap- (“to cover”) +‎ *-gak.

Noun

*kapgak

(Common Turkic) lid, cover

Declension

Declension of *kapgak (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*kapgak	*kapgaklar
accusative
genitive	*kapgaknïŋ	*kapgaklarnïŋ
dative	*kapgakka	*kapgaklarka
locative	*kapgakta	*kapgaklarda
ablative	*kapgaktan	*kapgaklardan
instrumental¹⁾		*kapgaklarïn
equative¹⁾	*kapgakča	*kapgaklarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: qapaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: قپاق‎ (kapak), قاپاق‎ (kapak)
      - Turkish: kapak
        → Northern Kurdish: qepax, qapax
      - → Albanian: kapak
      - → Armenian: ղափաղ (łapʿał), խափախ (xapʿax), կափաղ (kapʿał)
      - → Bulgarian: капак (kapak)
      - → Greek: καπάκι (kapáki)
      - → Macedonian: капак (kapak)
      - → Romanian: capac
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: капак
        Latin: kapak
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: gapak
Kipchak:
- - South Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: капкак (kapkak)
      - Southern Altai: какпак (kakpak)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qapɣaq, “cover”)
  - Uzbek: qopqoq
  - Uyghur: قاپقاق‎ (qapqaq)