< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ge
Proto-Turkic
Alternative forms
- *-ga, *-ka, *-ke
Suffix
*-ge
- Suffix creates a new noun from a verb. [1]
- *bil- (“to know”) + *-ge → *bilge (“wise, sage”)
- *ȫ- (“to think of”) + *-ge → *ȫge (“adviser”)
- *kïs- (“to squeeze”) + *-ge → *kïsga (“short (of distance)”)
- *kob- (“an unknown verb”) + *-ge → *kobga (“pail, bucket”)
- *tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + *-ge → *tamga (“brand (mark of ownership put on horses or cattle), seal, tamga”)
- *abuč- (“an unknown verb”) + *-ge → *abučka (“old man, husband, uncle”)
- *yōn- (“to adze, plane”) + *-ge → *yōnga (“wood chip”)
- *ïsïr- (“to bite”) + *-ge → *ïsïrga (“earring”)
- Suffix used to create animal names.
- *čekürt- (“an onomatopoeic word”) + *-ge → *čekürtke (“grasshopper, locust”)
- *bür- + *-ge → *bürge (“flea”)
- *kumur- + *-ge → *kumursga (“ant”)
- *k(i)arïnč- + *-ge → *k(i)arïnčga (“ant; tick”)
- *kara (“black”) + *-ge → *karga (“crow”)
- Suffix creates adverbs, adjectives and postpositions.
- *bīr (“one”) + *-ge → *bīrge (“together, with, also”)
- *ȫŕ (“self, -self”) + *-ge → *ȫŕge (“other”)
- *baš (“head, beginning”) + *-ge → *bašga (“other, else”)
Descendants
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Ottoman Turkish:
- Turkish: -a, -e, -ka, -ke, -ga, -ge
- Ottoman Turkish:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “+gA”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Clauson, Gerard (2002), “The Suffixes in Pre-Eighth Century Turkish”, in Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics, 2nd edition, London: RoutledgeCurzon, →ISBN, page 87
- Tekin, Talât (2000) Orhon Türkçesi Grameri [a Grammer of Orkhon Turkic (Turkish version)] (in Turkish), Ankara, →ISBN, page 89-90