Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*-gen

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

Suffix creating verbal adjective.
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)
*beni *sebgen *it (”dog who loves me”)

Usage notes

Sometimes verbal adjectives turn into an adjective pronoun and become stereotyped for one thing. For example; ‎*sïč- (“to shit”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sïčgan (“(someone) who shits”) became stereotyped for rat, mouse; ‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*tabïĺgan (“(someone) who runs”) became stereotyped for hare.

Related terms

*sïč-gan (“rat, mouse”)
*tabïĺ-gan (“hare”)
*yogur-gan (“blanket”)
*sïbuĺ-gan (“earth-worm”)
*kaŕïl-gan (“currant”)
*čï̄p-gan (“furuncle; rash, pimple”)
*kaŕ-gan (“cauldron”)
*yab-gan (“unpleasant”)
*korï-gan (“guard, defender”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: -ان‎ (-an/en)
  - Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: -an, -ən
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـان‎ (-an), ـن‎ (-en)
    - Turkish: -an, -en
    - Gagauz: -an, -en
- Turkmen: -an, -en
- Salar: -ğan, -gen
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
    - Uzbek: -gan
    - Uyghur: ـگان‎ (-gan), ـگەن‎ (-gen)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kän), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gän)
  - Tatar:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar:
  - Kumyk:
  - Karachay-Balkar:
  - Karaim:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak:
    - Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
    - Nogai:
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
    - Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (-gan), [script needed] (-gän)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan