< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/erk
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Compare to Proto-Mongolic *erke.
Noun
*erk
- authority
- free will, independence
Declension
Declension of *erk
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *erk |
Accusative | *erkni, *erknig 1) |
Genitive | *erkniŋ |
Dative | *erkke |
Locative | *erkde |
Ablative | *erkden |
Instrumental 2) | *erkin |
Equative 2) | *erkče |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Derived terms
- *erk-in (“free”)
- *erk-lig (“evil god in Turkic myth; authoritative”)
- *erk-siŕ (“unauthoritative”)
Descendants
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *erke
- Mongolian: эрх (erh)
- → Tuvan: эрге (erge)
- Oghur:
- → Hungarian: erő
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: ərk
- Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (erk)
- Turkish: erk
- Turkmen: erk
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (erk)
- Chagatai: [script needed] (érk)
- ⇒ Uyghur: ئەركىن (erkin)
- Uzbek: erk
- Chagatai: [script needed] (érk)
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (erk)
- Kypchak:
- North Kypchak:
- Bashkir: ирек (irek)
- Tatar: ирек (irek)
- → Chuvash: ирĕк (irĕk)
- South Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Nogai:
- Karakalpak: erik
- Kazakh: ерік (erık)
- Nogai: эрк (érk)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: эрк (erk), эрик (erik)
- Southern Altai: эрик (erik)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
- West Kipchak:
- ⇒ Crimean Tatar: erkin
- ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: эркин (erkin)
- ⇒ Kumyk: эркин (erkin)
- North Kypchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰼𐰚 (r²k /erk/), 𐰼𐰃𐰚 (r²ik /erik/)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (erk)
- Old Turkic: 𐰼𐰚 (r²k /erk/), 𐰼𐰃𐰚 (r²ik /erik/)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 220