Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bïčgak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bïč- (“to cut”) +‎ *-gak.

Noun

*bïčgak

(Common Turkic) knife

Declension

Declension of *bïčgak (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*bïčgak	*bïčgaklar
accusative
genitive	*bïčgaknïŋ	*bïčgaklarnïŋ
dative	*bïčgakka	*bïčgaklarka
locative	*bïčgakta	*bïčgaklarda
ablative	*bïčgaktan	*bïčgaklardan
instrumental¹⁾		*bïčgaklarïn
equative¹⁾	*bïčgakča	*bïčgaklarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: bıçaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: بیچاق‎‎ (bıçak), بچاق‎ (bıçak)
    - Turkish: bıçak
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      - Cyrillic: би̏ча̄к
      - Latin: bȉčāk
- East Oghuz:
  - Salar: pıçaq
  - Turkmen: pyçak
Karluk
- Uzbek: pichoq
- Uyghur: پىچاق‎ (pichaq)
Kipchak
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: pıçaq
  - Karachay-Balkar: бычакъ (bıçaq)
  - Kumyk: бичакъ (biçaq)
- North Kipchak
  - Tatar: пычак (pıçaq)
  - Bashkir: бысаҡ (bısaq)
- South Kipchak
  - Kazakh: пышақ (pyşaq)
  - Karakalpak: pıshaq
  - Nogai: пышак (pışak)
- East Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: бычак (bıçak)
  - Southern Altai: бычак (bïčak)
- → Hungarian: bicska
- → Romanian: briceag
Siberian
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: баһак
  - Yakut: быһах (bıhax)
- Sayan
  - Tofa: пишек (pişek)
  - Tuvan: бижек (bijek)
- Yenisei
  - Khakas: пычах (pıçax)
  - Shor: пычақ (pıçaq)

References

Róna-Tas, András; Berta, Árpád; Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 126-17