Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/boĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*boĺč (see Hungarian descendants)
*boĺča (or with another end-vowel; see Chuvash descendant; addition of an end vowel is, however, a late and regular characteristic of Volga-Kipchak borrowings into Chuvash according to Ščerbak)
*bōĺ(č) (see the long vowel in Karakhanid and Old Uighur)

Adjective

*boĺ

empty
Antonym: *tōl-
free

Descendants

Oghur:
- ⇒? Hungarian: búcsú (“farewell”)
- >? Hungarian: *bocs- ('to excuse, forgive')
  - ⇒ Hungarian: bocsánik
    - ⇒ Hungarian: bocsánat
Common Turkic: *boš, *bōš, *poš (according to Ščerbak)

Arghu:
- Khalaj: boş
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *boš
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boş)
    - Azerbaijani: boş
      - → Lezgi: буш (buš)
    - Ottoman Turkish: بوش‎ (boş)
      - Gagauz: boş
      - Turkish: boş
      - → Albanian: bosh
      - → Arabic: بوش‎ (bōš) (in the dialects of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia)
      - → Armenian: բոշ (boš)
      - → English: bosh
      - → Macedonian: бош (boš)
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: бо̏ш
        Latin: bȍš
  - Turkmen: boş
Karluk
- Karakhanid: بُشْ‎ (boš), بُوشْ‎ (boš)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (boš)
    - Chagatai: بوش‎ (boš)
      - Uzbek: boʻsh
      - Uyghur: بوش‎ (bosh)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: بش‎ (boš)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: буш (buş)
    - Tatar: буш (buş)
    - → Chuvash: пушӑ (puš̬ă) (unless the Proto-Turkic form really had a final vowel, in which case inherited directly thence)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: boş
    - Karachay-Balkar: бош (boş)
    - Krymchak: бош (boş)
    - Kumyk: бош (boş)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: бос (bos)
      - Karakalpak: бос
      - Nogai: бос (bos)
    - East Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: бош (boş)
      - Southern Altai: бош (boš)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (boš)
- North Siberian
  - Yakut: босхо (bosxo)
    - Dolgan: боско
- South Siberian
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: бош (boş)
  - Yenisei
    - Shor: пош

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 376
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 82
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978), “бош”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, page 203-204
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*boĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), volume I, 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 330