Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/biŕ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/biŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ-/*bi- +‎ *-ŕ.

Pronoun

*biŕ

1. we

Postposition

*biŕ

1. Denotes "to be" for first person plural when at the end of an object; are
2. Denotes first person plural after various tenses

Related terms

• *siŕ (“you (plural)”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: эпир (ep̬ir)
• Common Turkic:

• Old Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰕‎‎ (b²iz‎ /biz/)
  • Old Uyghur: pʾz (biz)
• Karakhanid: [script needed] (biz)
• Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (biz)
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: [script needed] (biz)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-vüz)
    • Azerbaijani: biz
    • Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-z, -iz)
      • Turkish: biz, -iz
      • Gagauz: biz
  • Salar: bizler, biz
  • Turkmen: biz, -iz
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (biz)
  • Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (biz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: biz
    • Karachay-Balkar: биз (biz)
    • Kumyk: биз (biz)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: беҙ (beð)
    • Tatar: без (bez)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: біз (biz)
      • Karakalpak: biz
      • Nogai: биз (biz)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: биз (biz)
      • Southern Altai: бис (bis)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (biz)
    • Uzbek: biz
    • Uyghur: بىز‎ (biz)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: биһиги (bihigi)
    • Yakut: биһиги (bihigi)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: биъс (bis)
      • Tuvan: бис (bis)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: пiс (pis)
      • Shor: пiс (pis)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (pız)

Further reading

• Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) , “*bĭ̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill