< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/biŕ
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *bẹ-/*bi- + *-ŕ.
Pronoun
*biŕ
- we
Postposition
*biŕ
- Denotes "to be" for first person plural when at the end of an object; are
- Denotes first person plural after various tenses
Related terms
- *siŕ (“you (plural)”)
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: эпир (ep̬ir)
- Common Turkic:
- Old Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰕 (b²iz /biz/)
- Old Uyghur: pʾz (biz)
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (biz)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (biz)
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (biz)
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-vüz)
- Azerbaijani: biz
- Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-z, -iz)
- Turkish: biz, -iz
- Gagauz: biz
- Salar: bizler, biz
- Turkmen: biz, -iz
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-vüz)
- Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (biz)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (biz)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: biz
- Karachay-Balkar: биз (biz)
- Kumyk: биз (biz)
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: беҙ (beð)
- Tatar: без (bez)
- South Kipchak:
- Caspian:
- Kazakh: біз (biz)
- Karakalpak: biz
- Nogai: биз (biz)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: биз (biz)
- Southern Altai: бис (bis)
- Caspian:
- Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (biz)
- Uzbek: biz
- Uyghur: بىز (biz)
- Chagatai: [script needed] (biz)
- Siberian:
- North Siberian:
- Dolgan: биһиги (bihigi)
- Yakut: биһиги (bihigi)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tofa: биъс (bis)
- Tuvan: бис (bis)
- Yenisei Turkic:
- Khakas: пiс (pis)
- Shor: пiс (pis)
- Western Yugur: [script needed] (pız)
- Sayan Turkic:
- North Siberian:
Further reading
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) , “*bĭ̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill