Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žędlo

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žędlo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier *želdlo, formed as *želti (“to bite, to tingle”) +‎ *-dlo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *geldla, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-dʰlo-m, from *gʷelH- (“to quell, to stroke”). The nasalization is secondary, result of disimilation *-ldl- > *-ndl- (a similar development occurred in *dętelъ (“woodpecker”), from an earlier *delb-telъ).

Akin to Lithuanian geluonìs (“stinger”), Latvian dzelonis (“stinger”), and Ancient Greek βέλος (bélos, “arrow, needle”).

Noun

*žędlo n[1][2]

1. stinger

Alternative forms

• *žilo (confused as a derivative of the intensive counterpart *ziliti of *želti)

Declension

Declension of *žędlo (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla
Accusative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla
Genitive	*žędla	*žędlu	*žędlъ
Locative	*žędlě	*žędlu	*žędlěxъ
Dative	*žędlu	*žędloma	*žędlomъ
Instrumental	*žędlъmь, *žędlomь*	*žędloma	*žędly
Vocative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-‎ (0 c, 7 e)

Derived terms

• *žędliti (“to sting”)
• *žędlь (“accute pain”) (later amalgamated with *žalь (“grief, sorrow”))
• *žędlъka (“nettles”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: жало́ (žaló)
    • Old Ruthenian: жало́ (žaló)
      • Belarusian: джа́ла (džála); жа́ла (žála) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: жало́ (žaló); жило́ (žyló) (dialectal)
    • Russian: жа́ло (žálo)
  • Old Novgorodian: жaгло (žaglo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: жѧло (žęlo), жѩло (žjęlo)
  • Bulgarian: жило (žilo); жело (želo) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: жило (žilo)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic: жа́лац

    Latin: žálac

  • Slovene: žélo (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: żãdło, żãgło
  • Polabian: zǫdlü
  • Polish: żądło
  • Old Czech: *žadlo, žahadlo, žěhadlo[3]
    • Czech: žihadlo, žádło (dialectal)[3]

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жало”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жело”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 533
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жило”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 546

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “žędlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “žélo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si
3. "žihadlo" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, Leda, 2015, →ISBN, page 819.