< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žędati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gendātei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰn̥dʰéti, from *gʷʰedʰ- (“to yearn, to pray for”) with a nasal infix. Cognate with Lithuanian pasigèsti (“to miss”) (1p. pres. pasigendù), further akin to Lithuanian gedáuti (“to desire, to yearn”), gedė́ti (“to mourn”).
Verb
*žę̄dàti impf[1][2]
- to wish (in cardinal sense), to long for, to crave (in South, East Slavic)
- Synonyms: *želěti, *bažiti, *smažiti, *pražiti
- to demand, to request (in West Slavic)
- Synonyms: *jьskati, *prašati
Inflection
Conjugation of *žędati, *žęda, *žęďetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žędanьje | *žędati | *žędatъ | *žędalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žędanъ | *žęďemъ |
| Active | *žędavъ | *žęďę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žędaxъ | *žęda | *žęda | *žęďǫ | *žęďeši | *žęďetь |
| Dual | *žędaxově | *žędasta | *žędaste | *žęďevě | *žęďeta | *žęďete |
| Plural | *žędaxomъ | *žędaste | *žędašę | *žęďemъ | *žęďete | *žęďǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žędaaxъ | *žędaaše | *žędaaše | — | *žęďi | *žęďi |
| Dual | *žędaaxově | *žędaašeta | *žędaašete | *žęďivě | *žęďita | — |
| Plural | *žędaaxomъ | *žędaašete | *žędaaxǫ | *žęďimъ | *žęďite | — |
Conjugation of *žędati, *žęda, *žędajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žędanьje | *žędati | *žędatъ | *žędalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žędanъ | *žędajemъ |
| Active | *žędavъ | *žędaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žędaxъ | *žęda | *žęda | *žędajǫ | *žędaješi | *žędajetь |
| Dual | *žędaxově | *žędasta | *žędaste | *žędajevě | *žędajeta | *žędajete |
| Plural | *žędaxomъ | *žędaste | *žędašę | *žędajemъ | *žędajete | *žędajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žędaaxъ | *žędaaše | *žędaaše | — | *žędaji | *žędaji |
| Dual | *žędaaxově | *žędaašeta | *žędaašete | *žędajivě | *žędajita | — |
| Plural | *žędaaxomъ | *žędaašete | *žędaaxǫ | *žędajimъ | *žędajite | — |
Derived terms
- *žęďa (“wish, desire; thirst”)
Related terms
- *žęděti (“to crave, to yearn for”) (ě/i-conj.)
- *žędь (“craving”)
- *žęditi (“to cause thirst”)
- *žędovati (“to crave”)
- *žędostь (“thirst”)
- *žędьnъ (“avid, greedy; thirsty”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жадати (žadati)
- Old Ruthenian: жада́ти (žadáti); жеда́ти (žedáti), жода́ти (žodáti) (dialectal)
- Belarusian: жада́ць (žadácʹ)
- Ukrainian: жада́ти (žadáty); жєда́ти (žjedáty) (dialectal)
- Russian: жада́ть (žadátʹ, “to thirst for”) (archaic or dialectal); cf. modern жа́ждать (žáždatʹ, “to crave”)
- Old Ruthenian: жада́ти (žadáti); жеда́ти (žedáti), жода́ти (žodáti) (dialectal)
- Old East Slavic: жадати (žadati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жѧдати (žędati)
- Bulgarian: же́дам (žédam) (dialectal)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: žádat
- Old Polish: żędać
- Polish: żądać
- Slovak: žiadať
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žadać
- Lower Sorbian: žedaś
- → Romanian: jindui
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жада́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жад”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 522
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žę̄dàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560: “v. (b) ‘wish, desire’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “žędati: žędjǫ žędjetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b begære, tørste (SA 210; PR 136)”