< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/živъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Adjective
*žȋvъ[1]
- alive, live, living
- Antonym: *mьrtvъ
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *živъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *živъ | *živa | *živo |
| Accusative | *živъ | *živǫ | *živo |
| Genitive | *živa | *živy | *živa |
| Locative | *živě | *živě | *živě |
| Dative | *živu | *živě | *živu |
| Instrumental | *živomь | *živojǫ | *živomь |
| Vocative | *žive | *živo | *živo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *živa | *živě | *živě |
| Accusative | *živa | *živě | *živě |
| Genitive | *živu | *živu | *živu |
| Locative | *živu | *živu | *živu |
| Dative | *živoma | *živama | *živoma |
| Instrumental | *živoma | *živama | *živoma |
| Vocative | *živa | *živě | *živě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *živi | *živy | *živa |
| Accusative | *živy | *živy | *živa |
| Genitive | *živъ | *živъ | *živъ |
| Locative | *živěxъ | *živaxъ | *živěxъ |
| Dative | *živomъ | *živamъ | *živomъ |
| Instrumental | *živy | *živami | *živy |
| Vocative | *živi | *živy | *živa |
Definite declension of *živъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *živъjь | *živaja | *živoje |
| Accusative | *živъjь | *živǫjǫ | *živoje |
| Genitive | *živajego | *živyję | *živajego |
| Locative | *živějemь | *živěji | *živějemь |
| Dative | *živujemu | *živěji | *živujemu |
| Instrumental | *živyjimi | *živǫjǫ | *živyjimi |
| Vocative | *živъjь | *živaja | *živoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *živaja | *živěji | *živěji |
| Accusative | *živaja | *živěji | *živěji |
| Genitive | *živuju | *živuju | *živuju |
| Locative | *živuju | *živuju | *živuju |
| Dative | *živyjima | *živyjima | *živyjima |
| Instrumental | *živyjima | *živyjima | *živyjima |
| Vocative | *živaja | *živěji | *živěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *živiji | *živyję | *živaja |
| Accusative | *živyję | *živyję | *živaja |
| Genitive | *živъjixъ | *živъjixъ | *živъjixъ |
| Locative | *živyjixъ | *živyjixъ | *živyjixъ |
| Dative | *živyjimъ | *živyjimъ | *živyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *živyjimi | *živyjimi | *živyjimi |
| Vocative | *živiji | *živyję | *živaja |
Derived terms
- *živostь (“liveliness, vividness”)
- *životъ (“life; belly”)
- *živica (“galipot; resin”)
- *živěti (“to be alive; to live”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: живъ (živŭ)
- Belarusian: жывы́ (žyvý)
- Russian: живо́й (živój)
- → Kildin Sami: жыва (žyva, “animal; insect, beetle”)
- Ukrainian: живи́й (žyvýj)
- Old East Slavic: живъ (živŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: живъ (živŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰶⰻⰲⱏ (živŭ)
- Bulgarian: жив (živ)
- Macedonian: жив (živ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жи̑в
- Latin: žȋv
- Slovene: žȋv (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: živý
- Czech: živý
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): živyj
- Moravian (Mistřice): živí
- Czech: živý
- Polabian: zaivĕ
- Old Polish: żyw
- Polish: żywy
- Slovak: živý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žiwy
- Lower Sorbian: žywy
- Old Czech: živý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “живо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žȋvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564