Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/životъ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/životъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwatás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wotós. Morphologically as if *živъ (“alive”) +‎ *-otъ.

Baltic cognates are Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”) and Old Prussian giwato (“life”).

Indo-European cognates are Latin vīta (from *gʷih₃woteh₂), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá, “life”) and Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos).

Noun

*živòtъ m[1]

1. life
2. belly

Inflection

Declension of *živòtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*živòtъ	*životà	*životì
Accusative	*živòtъ	*životà	*životỳ
Genitive	*životà	*životù	*živòtъ
Locative	*životě̀	*životù	*živòtěxъ
Dative	*životù	*životòma	*životòmъ
Instrumental	*životъ̀mь, *životòmь*	*životòma	*živòty
Vocative	*živote	*životà	*životì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: животъ (životŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: животъ (život)
      • Belarusian: жыво́т (žyvót)
      • Rusyn: живо́т (žyvót)
      • Ukrainian: живі́т (žyvít)
    • Russian: живо́т (živót)
    • → Ingrian: siivotta
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: животъ (životŭ, “life; animal”)

    Glagolitic: ⰶⰹⰲⱁⱅⱏ (životŭ, “life; animal”)

  • Bulgarian: живо́т (živót, “life”)
  • Macedonian: жи́вот (žívot, “life”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: жѝвот (“life”)

    Latin: žìvot (“life, waist”)

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): živȍt
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): živȍt
    • Kajkavian (Bednja): žēīvȅt
  • Slovene: živòt (“life; body”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: život
    • Czech: život
      • Moravian (Mistřice): život
  • Kashubian: żót (“belly”), żëwòt (“life”)
  • Polabian: zaivăt (“life”)
  • Polish: żywot (“life, abdomen”)
  • Slovak: život (“life, abdomen”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: žywot (“belly, body”)
    • Upper Sorbian: žiwot (“belly, body”)

• Non-Slavic:
• → Karelian: šiivatta

Further reading

• Gluhak, Alemko (1993) Hrvatski etimološki rječnik (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, page 710f
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “живот”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*živòtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563