< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwetei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gýti (“to heal; to recover”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit जीवति (jī́vati), Latin vīvō (“to live”) (infinitive vīvere).
Verb
*žìti[1]
- to live
Inflection
Conjugation of *žiti, *ži(tъ), *živetь (?, -V/C-, t-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žitьje | *žiti | *žitъ | *žilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žitъ | *živomъ |
| Active | *živъ | *živy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žixъ | *ži(tъ) | *ži(tъ) | *živǫ | *živeši | *živetь |
| Dual | *žixově | *žista | *žiste | *živevě | *živeta | *živete |
| Plural | *žixomъ | *žiste | *žišę | *živemъ | *živete | *živǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *živěaxъ | *živěaše | *živěaše | — | *živi | *živi |
| Dual | *živěaxově | *živěašeta | *živěašete | *živěvě | *živěta | — |
| Plural | *živěaxomъ | *živěašete | *živěaxǫ | *živěmъ | *živěte | — |
Conjugation of *žiti, žive, *živetь (?, -V/C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žitьje | *žiti | *žitъ | *žilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žitъ | *živomъ |
| Active | *živъ | *živy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | živ(ox)ъ | žive | žive | *živǫ | *živeši | *živetь |
| Dual | živ(ox)ově | živ(e/os)ta | živ(e/os)te | *živevě | *živeta | *živete |
| Plural | živ(ox)omъ | živ(e/os)te | živǫ, živošę | *živemъ | *živete | *živǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *živěaxъ | *živěaše | *živěaše | — | *živi | *živi |
| Dual | *živěaxově | *živěašeta | *živěašete | *živěvě | *živěta | — |
| Plural | *živěaxomъ | *živěašete | *živěaxǫ | *živěmъ | *živěte | — |
Related terms
- *gojiti (“to treat, to heal”)
- *gojь
- *živěti
- *žito (“grain, corn”)
- *živica
- *životъ (“life”)
- *živъ (“alive”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жити (žiti)
- Belarusian: жыць (žycʹ)
- Ukrainian: жи́ти (žýty)
- Russian: жить (žitʹ)
- Rusyn: жы́ти (žŷ́ty)
- Old East Slavic: жити (žiti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: жити (žiti)
- Glagolitic: ⰶⰻⱅⰻ (žiti)
- Slovene: žíti
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žíti
- Czech: žít
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): žít
- Czech: žít
- Kashubian: żëc
- Polabian: zait
- Polish: żyć
- Slovak: žiť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žić
- Lower Sorbian: žyś
- Old Czech: žíti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562: “v. (c) ‘live’”