< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žiliti
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Intensive causative of *želti (“to cause pain”) + *-iti, with narrowing and elongation of the root vowel. Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian gėlioti (“to sting”).
For the dialectal Russian reflex, Vasmer presumes influence from synonymous *žędliti, whence standard Russian жа́лить (žálitʹ).
Verb
*žiliti impf (perfective *žilovati)
- to bite (for vertebrates), to sting (for invertebrates)
- Synonym: *žędliti
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žiliti, *žili, *žilitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*žiľenьje | *žiliti | *žilitъ | *žililъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *žiľenъ | *žilimъ |
Active | *žiľь | *žilę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *žilixъ | *žili | *žili | *žiľǫ | *žiliši | *žilitь |
Dual | *žilixově | *žilista | *žiliste | *žilivě | *žilita | *žilite |
Plural | *žilixomъ | *žiliste | *žilišę | *žilimъ | *žilite | *žilętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *žiľaaxъ | *žiľaaše | *žiľaaše | — | *žili | *žili |
Dual | *žiľaaxově | *žiľaašeta | *žiľaašete | *žilivě | *žilita | — |
Plural | *žiľaaxomъ | *žiľaašete | *žiľaaxǫ | *žilimъ | *žilite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*žilivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *žiľati
- *jьzžiliti
- *nažiliti
- *užiliti
Related terms
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH- (0 c, 7 e)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жи́ля (žílja)
- Macedonian: жили (žili)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жи̏лити (dialectal)
- Latin: žȉliti (dialectal)
- ⇒ Slovene: žíljati (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жилять”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жиля, жилвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 546