< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/židъkъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From an earlier *židъ + *-ъkъ. Further origin disputed:
- Snoj, Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeydʰ-, akin to Ancient Greek δεῖσα (deîsa, “slime, filth”) (either via s-extension or perhaps cognate with related jā-stem *žiďa) and/or Old Norse kveisa (“colic”). Doubted by Derksen.
- Derksen: Instead akin to Old Armenian գէջ (gēǰ, “moist”) from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰeydʰ- (given as *gʰeydʰ- by Derksen).
- Machek: Related to Lithuanian gaidrùs, giẽdras (“clear, ludic”), Latvian dzidrs (“clear, transparent”) and questionably Latvian šķidrs (“liquid”), allegedly from (possibly s-mobile) Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰəyd- ~ *gʷʰēyd-. PIE reconstruction due to Pokorny based on presumed parallels with Ancient Greek φαιδρός (phaidrós, “bright”) (alternatively derived from unrelated *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”)).
Adjective
*židъkъ[1][2][3]
- liquid, fluid
- Synonyms: *tečьnъ, *tekǫťь
- diluted, watery, washy
- Synonyms: *vodьnistъ/*vodęnistъ, *bľudъkъ, *rědъkъ
Declension
Accent paradigm C.
Indefinite declension of *židъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *židъkъ | *židъka | *židъko |
| Accusative | *židъkъ | *židъkǫ | *židъko |
| Genitive | *židъka | *židъky | *židъka |
| Locative | *židъcě | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| Dative | *židъku | *židъcě | *židъku |
| Instrumental | *židъkomь | *židъkojǫ | *židъkomь |
| Vocative | *židъče | *židъko | *židъko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| Accusative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| Genitive | *židъku | *židъku | *židъku |
| Locative | *židъku | *židъku | *židъku |
| Dative | *židъkoma | *židъkama | *židъkoma |
| Instrumental | *židъkoma | *židъkama | *židъkoma |
| Vocative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *židъci | *židъky | *židъka |
| Accusative | *židъky | *židъky | *židъka |
| Genitive | *židъkъ | *židъkъ | *židъkъ |
| Locative | *židъcěxъ | *židъkaxъ | *židъcěxъ |
| Dative | *židъkomъ | *židъkamъ | *židъkomъ |
| Instrumental | *židъky | *židъkami | *židъky |
| Vocative | *židъci | *židъky | *židъka |
Definite declension of *židъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *židъkъjь | *židъkaja | *židъkoje |
| Accusative | *židъkъjь | *židъkǫjǫ | *židъkoje |
| Genitive | *židъkajego | *židъkyję | *židъkajego |
| Locative | *židъcějemь | *židъcěji | *židъcějemь |
| Dative | *židъkujemu | *židъcěji | *židъkujemu |
| Instrumental | *židъkyjimi | *židъkǫjǫ | *židъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *židъkъjь | *židъkaja | *židъkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| Accusative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| Genitive | *židъkuju | *židъkuju | *židъkuju |
| Locative | *židъkuju | *židъkuju | *židъkuju |
| Dative | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima |
| Instrumental | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima |
| Vocative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *židъciji | *židъkyję | *židъkaja |
| Accusative | *židъkyję | *židъkyję | *židъkaja |
| Genitive | *židъkъjixъ | *židъkъjixъ | *židъkъjixъ |
| Locative | *židъkyjixъ | *židъkyjixъ | *židъkyjixъ |
| Dative | *židъkyjimъ | *židъkyjimъ | *židъkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *židъkyjimi | *židъkyjimi | *židъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *židъciji | *židъkyję | *židъkaja |
Derived terms
- *židъkostь (“fluidity; liquid (substance)”)
Related terms
- *židěti, *židiti (“to dilute”)
- *žiďa (“liquid manure”)
- *židostь (“juiciness, liquidity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жы́дкі (žýdki)
- Russian: жи́дкий (žídkij)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жидъкъ (židŭkŭ)
- Bulgarian: жи́дък (žídǎk), жи́тък (žítǎk) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жи̏дак, жи́дак
- Latin: žȉdak
- Slovene: žídǝk
- West Slavic:
- Czech: židký
- Old Polish: żydki
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: židki
- Lower Sorbian: žydki
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жидкий”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “житък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 549
- “gaidrus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*židъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “žid(ъkъ)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c flydende, tynd (PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “židek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ži̋dъkъ”