< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žerti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtei (“devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷérh₃-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-énti, from *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow”). Cognate with Lithuanian gerti (“to drink”), Latvian dzer̂t (“to drink”).Further related to Old English acworren, Proto-Germanic *kwerraną (“devour”), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭- (gar-, “swallow up”), Old Armenian կերի (keri, “I ate”), Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “eat up”), βορά (borá, “food”), Latin vorō (“I devour”), Sanskrit गिरति (giráti, “devour”).
Verb
*žèrti impf[1][2][3][4]
- to devour, glut
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žerti, *žer, *žьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žьrtьje | *žerti | *žertъ | *žьrlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žьrtъ | *žьromъ |
| Active | *žьrъ | *žьry |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žerxъ | *žer | *žer | *žьrǫ | *žьreši | *žьretь |
| Dual | *žerxově | *žersta | *žerste | *žьrevě | *žьreta | *žьrete |
| Plural | *žerxomъ | *žerste | *žeršę | *žьremъ | *žьrete | *žьrǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žьrěaxъ | *žьrěaše | *žьrěaše | — | *žьri | *žьri |
| Dual | *žьrěaxově | *žьrěašeta | *žьrěašete | *žьrěvě | *žьrěta | — |
| Plural | *žьrěaxomъ | *žьrěašete | *žьrěaxǫ | *žьrěmъ | *žьrěte | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Alternative forms
- *žьrati (later variant, based on present stem)
Derived terms
- *žerdlo (“gorge, chine”)
- *gъrdlo (“throat”)
- *gъrtànь (“larynx”)
- *žeřuxa
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жерети (žereti), жьрати (žĭrati)
- Belarusian: жэрць (žercʹ), жэ́рці (žérci)
- Russian: жрать (žratʹ)
- Ukrainian: же́рти (žérty), жра́ти (žráty), жере́ти (žeréty)
- Old East Slavic: жерети (žereti), жьрати (žĭrati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: пожрѣти (požrěti)
- Glagolitic: ⱂⱁⰶⱃⱑⱅⰹ (požrěti)
- Macedonian: ждере (ždere)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ждѐрати, ждрије̑ти, ждре̑ти
- Latin: ždèrati, ždrijȇti, ždrȇti, (regional) nažriti
- Slovene: žrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žřieti
- Czech: žrát
- Kashubian: rżéc
- Polish: żreć
- Silesian: żrać
- Slovak: žrat'
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: žraś, žreś
- Upper Sorbian: źrać, žrjeć
- Old Czech: žřieti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жрать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Skok, Petar (1973) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 3, Zagreb: JAZU, page 673
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “же́рти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 559
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172: “*žèrti”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “¹žerti (žьrti): žьrǫ (žerǫ) žьretь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c æde (SA 203, 235, 251; PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “žrẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*že̋rti”
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.
Verb
*žerti impf
- Alternative form of *žьrti
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žerti, *žer, *žьřetь (impf., -C/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žьrtьje | *žerti | *žertъ | *žьrlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žьrtъ | *žьřemъ |
| Active | *žьrъ | *žьřę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žerxъ | *žer | *žer | *žьřǫ | *žьřeši | *žьřetь |
| Dual | *žerxově | *žersta | *žerste | *žьřevě | *žьřeta | *žьřete |
| Plural | *žerxomъ | *žerste | *žeršę | *žьřemъ | *žьřete | *žьřǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žьřaaxъ | *žьřaaše | *žьřaaše | — | *žьři | *žьři |
| Dual | *žьřaaxově | *žьřaašeta | *žьřaašete | *žьřivě | *žьřita | — |
| Plural | *žьřaaxomъ | *žьřaašete | *žьřaaxǫ | *žьřimъ | *žьřite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*žьrjenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жрѣти (žrěti)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жрея (žreja)
- Old Church Slavonic: жрѣти (žrěti)
Further reading
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жрея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 554