< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žeravъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to warm, to burn”) + *-avъ.
Adjective
*žera̋vъ[1][2]
- burning, scorching
Declension
Indefinite declension of *žeravъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *žeravъ | *žerava | *žeravo |
| Accusative | *žeravъ | *žeravǫ | *žeravo |
| Genitive | *žerava | *žeravy | *žerava |
| Locative | *žeravě | *žeravě | *žeravě |
| Dative | *žeravu | *žeravě | *žeravu |
| Instrumental | *žeravomь | *žeravojǫ | *žeravomь |
| Vocative | *žerave | *žeravo | *žeravo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *žerava | *žeravě | *žeravě |
| Accusative | *žerava | *žeravě | *žeravě |
| Genitive | *žeravu | *žeravu | *žeravu |
| Locative | *žeravu | *žeravu | *žeravu |
| Dative | *žeravoma | *žeravama | *žeravoma |
| Instrumental | *žeravoma | *žeravama | *žeravoma |
| Vocative | *žerava | *žeravě | *žeravě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *žeravi | *žeravy | *žerava |
| Accusative | *žeravy | *žeravy | *žerava |
| Genitive | *žeravъ | *žeravъ | *žeravъ |
| Locative | *žeravěxъ | *žeravaxъ | *žeravěxъ |
| Dative | *žeravomъ | *žeravamъ | *žeravomъ |
| Instrumental | *žeravy | *žeravami | *žeravy |
| Vocative | *žeravi | *žeravy | *žerava |
Definite declension of *žeravъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *žeravъjь | *žeravaja | *žeravoje |
| Accusative | *žeravъjь | *žeravǫjǫ | *žeravoje |
| Genitive | *žeravajego | *žeravyję | *žeravajego |
| Locative | *žeravějemь | *žeravěji | *žeravějemь |
| Dative | *žeravujemu | *žeravěji | *žeravujemu |
| Instrumental | *žeravyjimi | *žeravǫjǫ | *žeravyjimi |
| Vocative | *žeravъjь | *žeravaja | *žeravoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *žeravaja | *žeravěji | *žeravěji |
| Accusative | *žeravaja | *žeravěji | *žeravěji |
| Genitive | *žeravuju | *žeravuju | *žeravuju |
| Locative | *žeravuju | *žeravuju | *žeravuju |
| Dative | *žeravyjima | *žeravyjima | *žeravyjima |
| Instrumental | *žeravyjima | *žeravyjima | *žeravyjima |
| Vocative | *žeravaja | *žeravěji | *žeravěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *žeraviji | *žeravyję | *žeravaja |
| Accusative | *žeravyję | *žeravyję | *žeravaja |
| Genitive | *žeravъjixъ | *žeravъjixъ | *žeravъjixъ |
| Locative | *žeravyjixъ | *žeravyjixъ | *žeravyjixъ |
| Dative | *žeravyjimъ | *žeravyjimъ | *žeravyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *žeravyjimi | *žeravyjimi | *žeravyjimi |
| Vocative | *žeraviji | *žeravyję | *žeravaja |
Related terms
- *žarъ (“glow, heat”)
- *žarъkъ (“hot, scorching”)
Derived terms
- *žerava (“live coal, hearth”)
- *žeravьnikъ (“tong, tool for handling coal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жеравъ (žeravŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жеравъ (žeravŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žeravý, žeřavý
- Czech: řeřavý
- Slovak: žeravý
- Old Czech: žeravý, žeřavý
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žeravъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558: “adj. o ‘burning, scorching’”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “žerjȃvica”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *žera̋vъ”
Etymology 2
From an earlier *ger(a)vъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀ(ō)was, from *gerh₂- (“crane”). Cognate with Latvian dzērve and Lithuanian gérvė.
Noun
*žeravъ m[1][2]
- crane (bird)
Inflection
Declension of *žȅravъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *žȅravъ | *žȅrava | *žȅravi |
| Accusative | *žȅravъ | *žȅrava | *žȅravy |
| Genitive | *žȅrava | *žeravù | *žerãvъ |
| Locative | *žȅravě | *žeravù | *žeravě̃xъ |
| Dative | *žȅravu | *žeravomà | *žeravòmъ |
| Instrumental | *žȅravъmь, *žȅravomь* | *žeravomà | *žeravý |
| Vocative | *žerave | *žȅrava | *žȅravi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *žeravľь
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жерав (žerav)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жерав
- Latin: žèrāv
- West Slavic:
- Czech: žerav
- Polish: żuraw
- Slovak: žeriav
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: žorawa
- Upper Sorbian: žeraw
Further reading
- Kortlandt, F. (1984), “Long vowels in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica, volume XXI, issue 2, DOI:
- Jasanoff, Jay (2017) The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 90-91
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žeravь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558: “m. jo ‘crane’”
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “gervė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172: “*žeravь m. jo 'crane'”