< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žena
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.
Noun
*ženà f[1]
- woman
- wife
Inflection
Declension of *ženà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ženà | *žèně | *ženỳ |
| Accusative | *ženǫ̀ | *žèně | *ženỳ |
| Genitive | *ženỳ | *ženù | *žènъ |
| Locative | *ženě̀ | *ženù | *ženàsъ, *ženàxъ* |
| Dative | *ženě̀ | *ženàma | *ženàmъ |
| Instrumental | *ženòjǫ, *žènǫ** | *ženàma | *ženàmī |
| Vocative | *ženo | *žèně | *ženỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *ženьskъ (“female”)
- *ženьščina (“woman”)
- *ženъka
- *ženъkizna
See also
Proto-Slavic family terms
| *sěmьja, *rodina (“family”) | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| parent | *otъ, *otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata | *mati (“mother”) nursery: *mama |
| sibling | *bratrъ (“brother”) | *sestra (“sister”) |
| child | *synъ (“son”) | *dъťi (“daughter”) |
| grandparent | – (“grandfather”) nursery: *dědъ; *nana | *ova (“grandmother”) nursery: *baba; *nena |
| grandchild | *vъnukъ (“grandson”) | *vъnuka (“granddaughter”) |
| stepparent | *otьčimъ (“stepfather”) | *maťexa (“stepmother”) |
| stepchild | *pastorъkъ (“stepson”) | *pastorъka (“stepdaughter”) |
| father's sibling | *strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola | – (“paternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja |
| mother's sibling | *ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola | – (“maternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja |
| sibling's child | *netьjь (“nephew”) | *nestera (“niece”) |
| spouse | *mǫžь (“husband”) | *žena (“wife”) |
| parent of wife | *tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”) | *tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”) |
| parent of husband | *svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”) | *svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”) |
| sibling of wife | *šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”) | *svěstь, *svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”) |
| sibling of husband | *děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”) | *zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”) |
| spouse of child | *zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) | *snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”) |
| spouse of husband's brother | – | *ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”) |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жена (žena)
- Belarusian: жына́ (žyná) (dialectal); жана́ (žaná) (dated)
- Russian: жена́ (žená)
- Rusyn: жона́ (žoná), жена́ (žená)
- Ukrainian: жона́ (žoná) (dated)
- Old Novgorodian: жена (žena), жона (žona)
- Old East Slavic: жена (žena)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: жена (žena)
- Glagolitic: ⰶⰵⱀⰰ (žena)
- Bulgarian: жена́ (žená)
- Macedonian: жена (žena)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жѐна
- Latin: žèna
- Chakavian (Vrgada): ženȁ
- Chakavian (Orbanići): ženȁ
- Kajkavian (Bednja): žānȍ
- Slovene: žéna (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žena
- Czech: žena
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): žena
- Czech: žena
- Kashubian: żona (rare)
- Polabian: zenă
- Polish: żona
- Slovak: žena
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žona
- Lower Sorbian: žona
- Old Czech: žena
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жена”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žena”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ženà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558