Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želěti
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gėlà (“acute pain”), gélti (“to hurt sharply, to sting”), gìlti (“to become sick”), 1sg. gìlstu, gilaũ (?), Latvian dzel̂t (“to stab”). Indo-European cognates include Old High German quāla (“violent death”), quelan (“to feel a sharp pain”), Old Saxon quāla (“pain, torture”), Old English cwelan (“to die”), English quell, Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment”), Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek βελόνη (belónē, “blade, nail”).
Verb
*želěti
- to regret
Inflection
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*želěnьje | *želěti | *želětъ | *želělъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *želěnъ | *želějemъ |
Active | *želěvъ | *želěję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěxъ | *želě | *želě | *želějǫ | *želěješi | *želějetь |
Dual | *želěxově | *želěsta | *želěste | *želějevě | *želějeta | *želějete |
Plural | *želěxomъ | *želěste | *želěšę | *želějemъ | *želějete | *želějǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěaxъ | *želěaše | *želěaše | — | *želěji | *želěji |
Dual | *želěaxově | *želěašeta | *želěašete | *želějivě | *želějita | — |
Plural | *želěaxomъ | *želěašete | *želěaxǫ | *želějimъ | *želějite | — |
Derived terms
- *želьba (“grief, sorrow”)
Related terms
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: желѣти (želěti, “to regret, to grieve”) (Russian)
- East Slavic:
- → Russian: жале́ть (žalétʹ)
- → Ukrainian: жаліти (žality)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: желе́я (želéja) (dialectal), жале́я (žaléja) (standard, re-shaped under the influence of *žalь)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: želet (“to regret”)
- Old Polish: żeleć
- Slovak: želeť
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “жале́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 290
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жале́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*želěti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰel-. Cognate with Ancient Greek θέλω (thélō, “to wish, to want”). Per Chernykh also cognate with Old Norse gilja (“to lure, to seduce, to tempt”).
Verb
*želěti
- to wish, to want
Alternative forms
- *želàti
Inflection
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*želěnьje | *želěti | *želětъ | *želělъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *želěnъ | *želimъ |
Active | *želěvъ | *želę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěxъ | *želě | *želě | *žeľǫ | *želiši | *želitь |
Dual | *želěxově | *želěsta | *želěste | *želivě | *želita | *želite |
Plural | *želěxomъ | *želěste | *želěšę | *želimъ | *želite | *želętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěaxъ | *želěaše | *želěaše | — | *želi | *želi |
Dual | *želěaxově | *želěašeta | *želěašete | *želivě | *želita | — |
Plural | *želěaxomъ | *želěašete | *želěaxǫ | *želimъ | *želite | — |
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*želěnьje | *želěti | *želětъ | *želělъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *želěnъ | *želějemъ |
Active | *želěvъ | *želěję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěxъ | *želě | *želě | *želějǫ | *želěješi | *želějetь |
Dual | *želěxově | *želěsta | *želěste | *želějevě | *želějeta | *želějete |
Plural | *želěxomъ | *želěste | *želěšę | *želějemъ | *želějete | *želějǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *želěaxъ | *želěaše | *želěaše | — | *želěji | *želěji |
Dual | *želěaxově | *želěašeta | *želěašete | *želějivě | *želějita | — |
Plural | *želěaxomъ | *želěašete | *želěaxǫ | *želějimъ | *želějite | — |
Related terms
- *žeľa (“wish, desire”)
- *želьba (“wish”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: желати (želati), 1sg. желаю (želaju); literary желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желю (želju), желѣю (želěju)
- Russian: жела́ть (želátʹ), 1sg. жела́ю (želáju)
- Ukrainian: жела́ти (želáty)
- Old East Slavic: желати (želati), 1sg. желаю (želaju); literary желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желю (želju), желѣю (želěju)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желѣѭ (želějǫ); желати (želati), 1sg. желаѭ (želajǫ)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: жела́я (želája)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жѐљети, 1sg. жѐлӣм
- Latin: žèljeti, 1sg. žèlīm
- Chakavian (Vrgada): želȉti, 2sg. želĩš
- Chakavian (Orbanići): želȅt, 1sg. želĩn
- Chakavian (Hvar): želȉt, 1sg. želín
- Slovene: želẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. želím (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: želeti, 1sg. želeji
- Slovak: želieť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: želić
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “жела́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 295
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жела́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*želěti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555