< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želza
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelǵʰ-, related to Lithuanian gẽležuones, Old Armenian գեղձք (gełjkʿ).
Noun
*žēlzà f[1][2]
- gland
Declension
Declension of *žēlzà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *žēlzà | *žẽlzě | *žēlzỳ |
| Accusative | *žēlzǫ̀ | *žẽlzě | *žēlzỳ |
| Genitive | *žēlzỳ | *žēlzù | *žẽlzъ |
| Locative | *žēlzě̀ | *žēlzù | *žēlzàsъ, *žēlzàxъ* |
| Dative | *žēlzě̀ | *žēlzàma | *žēlzàmъ |
| Instrumental | *žēlzòjǫ, *žẽlzǫ** | *žēlzàma | *žēlzàmī |
| Vocative | *želzo | *žẽlzě | *žēlzỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *želzda (expressive)
- *žьlza (Lechitic, Wendish)
Descendants
From full-grade *želza, *želzda:
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: желоза (želoza), железа (železa)
- Belarusian: зало́за (zalóza); жало́за (žalóza) (dialectal)
- Russian: железа́ (železá); за́леза́ (zálezá), золо́за́ (zolózá) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: за́лоза (záloza)
- Old Novgorodian: зелеза (zeleza) (Old Pskovian)
- Old East Slavic: желоза (želoza), железа (železa)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: жлѣза (žlěza)
- Glagolitic: ⰶⰾⱑⰸⰰ (žlěza)
- Bulgarian: жлеза́ (žlezá); жле́га (žléga), жлю́га (žljúga) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: жлезда (žlezda)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: жле́зда, жље́зда, жлије́зда
- Latin: žlézda, žljézda, žlijézda
- Chakavian (Grobnik): žlēzdȁ
- Chakavian (Brest, Duga Resa): žlȇzdra
- Chakavian (Mrkoči, Batlug, Istria): žlēzdȁ
- Kajkavian (Varaždin): žlẹ̃zda
- Slovene: žlẹ́za
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žláza
- Czech: žláza
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): žleza
- Czech: žláza
- Slovak: žľaza
- Old Czech: žláza
From zero-grade *žьlza:
- West Slavic:
- Old Polish: zołzy f pl (“glandular infectious disease”)
- Polish: zołza (epithet for “vicious woman”)
- → Ukrainian: зо́лза (zólza)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žałza
- Lower Sorbian: žałza, załza
- Old Polish: zołzy f pl (“glandular infectious disease”)
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*želza”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 557
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “žleza”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *želza̋”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “железа́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жлеза, жлега”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 550