Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/že

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/že

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe (“emphatic particle”), cognate with Sanskrit घ (gha, “at least, at any rate”) and akin to Sanskrit हि (hi, “for, on account of, indeed”).

Conjunction

*že

1. so that, since

Derived terms

• *jь že (“who/which”)
• *ju že (“already, no longer”)
• *to že (“so that”)
• *čьto že (“what then, well then”)
• *tъjьžedьnь/*tъjьžьdьnь (“week”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: же (že)
    • Russian: же (že)
    • Old Belarusian: же (že)
      • Belarusian: жа (ža)
    • Old Ukrainian: же (že)
      • Ukrainian: же (že)
      • Rusyn: же (že)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: же (že)

    Glagolitic: ⰶⰵ (že)

  • Bulgarian: че (če)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: že
    • Czech: že
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): že
  • Old Polish: że
    • Polish: że
      • Lesser Polish (Więciórka): ze
  • Slovak: že
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: že (archaic)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 204
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*ju že”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 191

Particle

*že[1][2]

1. emphatic enclitic

Derived terms

• *da že (“even so”)
• *poňe že (“since, because”)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*da že”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 181
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “-же”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 528

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*že”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 554: “ptcl.”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “-že”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(encl.; cf. jь-že) (rel. marker) (PR 139, 145)”