Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šija

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šija

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *šьja

Etymology

Predominantly viewed as a proto-Slavic innovation from *šiti (“to sew, to stitch”) +‎ *-ja, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁-. Originally meaning either:

• per Vasmer, Trubačev: “collar”;
• per Snoj: “link, tie” (that "seams" the head to the torso).

In the past, had been speculated to have relation to Latin sinus.

Noun

*šìja f[1][2]

1. neck

   Synonyms: *vortъ, *kъrkъ, *vyja

Declension

Declension of *šìja (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*šìja	*šìji	*šìję̇
Accusative	*šìjǫ	*šìji	*šìję̇
Genitive	*šìję̇	*šìju	*šìjь
Locative	*šìjī	*šìju	*šìjāsъ
Dative	*šìjī	*šìjama	*šìjāmъ
Instrumental	*šìjējǫ, *šìjǭ*	*šìjama	*šìjāmī
Vocative	*šìje	*šìji	*šìję̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *šijьka (diminutive)
• *šijьnъ
  • *šijьnikъ, *našijьnikъ (“collar”)

Related terms

• *šьvъ (“seam”)
  • *šьvica (“embroidery”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: шеꙗ (šeja), шиꙗ (šija)
    • Belarusian: шы́я (šýja)
    • Russian: ше́я (šéja)
    • Ukrainian: ши́я (šýja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: шиꙗ (šija)

    Glagolitic: ⱎⰹⱑ (šiě)

  • Bulgarian: ши́я (šíja)
  • Macedonian: шија (šija)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ши̏ја

    Latin: šȉja

  • Slovene: šíja
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: šíjě
    • Czech: šíje
      • Moravian (Mistřice): šija
  • Kashubian: szëja
  • Old Polish: szyja
    • Polish: szyja
  • Slovak: šija
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: šija
    • Lower Sorbian: šyja

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ше́я”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎, volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 511, 513

References

1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “šija”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132; RPT 109)”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “šija”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *s'i̋ja”