Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ňiva

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ňiva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Cognate with Ancient Greek νειός (neiós, “field”).

Noun

*ňìva f[1]

1. field

Inflection

Declension of *ňìva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ňìva	*ňìvě	*ňìvy
Accusative	*ňìvǫ	*ňìvě	*ňìvy
Genitive	*ňìvy	*ňìvu	*ňìvъ
Locative	*ňìvě	*ňìvu	*ňìvasъ, *ňìvaxъ*
Dative	*ňìvě	*ňìvama	*ňìvamъ
Instrumental	*ňìvojǫ, *ňìvǭ**	*ňìvama	*ňìvamī
Vocative	*ňìvo	*ňìvě	*ňìvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: нива (niva)
    • Belarusian: ні́ва (níva)
    • Russian: ни́ва (níva)
    • Ukrainian: ни́ва (nýva)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: нива (niva)

    Glagolitic: ⱀⰻⰲⰰ (niva)

  • Bulgarian: ни́ва (níva)
  • Macedonian: нива (niva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: њи̏ва

    Latin: njȉva

  • Slovene: njiva
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: niva
    • Czech: niva, níva
  • Polabian: naivă
  • Old Polish: niwa
    • Polish: niwa
  • Slovak: niva
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: niwa

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ни́ва”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ņìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354