Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ľudъ

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ľudъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaudis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis.

Cognates include Lithuanian liáudis f, Latvian ļàudis m (pl.), Old High German liut m, German Leute, Ancient Greek ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”), Latin līber (“free”).

Noun

*ľȗdъ m[1][2]

1. people

Inflection

Declension of *ľȗdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ľȗdъ	*ľȗda	*ľȗdi
Accusative	*ľȗdъ	*ľȗda	*ľȗdy
Genitive	*ľȗda	*ľudù	*ľũdъ
Locative	*ľȗdě	*ľudù	*ľudě̃xъ
Dative	*ľȗdu	*ľudomà	*ľudòmъ
Instrumental	*ľȗdъmь, *ľȗdomь*	*ľudomà	*ľudý
Vocative	*ľude	*ľȗda	*ľȗdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *ľudinъ, *ľudìna
• *ľȗdьje
• *ľudьskъ

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: людъ (ljudŭ)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: людъ (ljudŭ) (Old Ukrainian)
    • Belarusian: люд (ljud)
    • Russian: люд (ljud)
    • Ukrainian: люд (ljud)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: люд (ljud) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin: ljud (dialectal)

  • Slovene: ljȗd (tonal orthography) (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: ľud
    • Czech: lid
  • Old Polish: lud
    • Polish: lud
  • Slovak: ľud
  • Slovincian: lʉ̇́d
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: lud
    • Lower Sorbian: lud

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “люд”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*ľudъ/*ľudь/*ľuda/*ľudo/*ľudьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 194
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “люд”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ļȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282: “m. o (c) ‘people’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “ljudъ / ljudь ljuda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 70, 171; RPT 97, 102)”