Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěstva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*ěstvo

Etymology

From *ěsti (“to eat”) +‎ *-tva. Compare Lithuanian ę̄stuve (“place to eat”).

Noun

*ěstva f

eating (East Slavic only)
food

Synonyms

*ědenьje
*ědenьje, *ěstь, *ěstьje, *ěstivo, *ědivo, *ědlo, *ěďa, *ědь, *ědьba

Inflection

Declension of *ěstva (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ěstva	*ěstvě	*ěstvy
Accusative	*ěstvǫ	*ěstvě	*ěstvy
Genitive	*ěstvy	*ěstvu	*ěstvъ
Locative	*ěstvě	*ěstvu	ěstvasъ, ěstvaxъ^*
Dative	*ěstvě	*ěstvama	*ěstvamъ
Instrumental	ěstvojǫ, ěstvǫ^**	*ěstvama	*ěstvami
Vocative	*ěstvo	*ěstvě	*ěstvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*ěstvьnъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ѣства (ěstva), ꙗства (jastva)
  - Russian: е́ство (jéstvo), е́ства́ (jéstvá), е́вство (jévstvo), е́сво (jésvo), е́сва́ (jésvá), есьва́ (jesʹvá)
  - Old Ukrainian: иство (istvo)
    - Ukrainian: їство́ (jistvó)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: је̏ствина
  Latin: jestvo, jestva, jȅstvina
- Slovene: jȇstva
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jestva, jistvicě
- Polish: *jastew- (see *ěstvьnъ)

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěstvo/*ěstva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 54