Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).

The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.

Verb

*ě̀sti[1]

1. (transitive, intransitive) to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ěsti, *ě(stъ), *ěstь (impf., athematic -C-, st-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*ědenьje	*ěsti	*ěstъ	*ědlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*ědenъ	*ědomъ
Active	*ědъ	*ědy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ěsъ	*ě(stъ)	*ě(stъ)	*ěmь	*ěsi	*ěstь
Dual	*ěsově	*ěsta	*ěste	*ěvě	*ěsta	*ěste
Plural	*ěsomъ	*ěste	*ěsę	*ěmъ	*ěste	*ědętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ěděaxъ	*ěděaše	*ěděaše	—	*ěďь	*ěďь
Dual	*ěděaxově	*ěděašeta	*ěděašete	*ědivě	*ědita	—
Plural	*ěděaxomъ	*ěděašete	*ěděaxǫ	*ědimъ	*ědite	—

Derived terms

• *ědlo (“meal, dish”)
• *ědьca (“eater”)
• *ědъ (“poison, venom”) ?
• *obědъ (“meal; lunch”)
  • *obědati (“to have lunch”)
• *ědakъ (“greedy man”)
• *ěda (“food”)
• *ěstьje (“dish, food”)
• *ěstva (“food; eating”)
• *ědivo (“food, comestibles”)
• *sъnědati
• *ȗjědь (“food”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ѣсти (ěsti)[2][3][4]
    • Belarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)
    • Russian: есть (jestʹ)
    • Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)
    • Ukrainian: ї́сти (jísty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)

    Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)

  • Bulgarian: ям (jam)
  • Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: је̏сти, јисти

    Latin: jȅsti, jisti

  • Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jiesti (gieſti)
    • Czech: jíst
    • Bohemian (Chod dialect): jist
  • Kashubian: jesc
  • Polabian: jest
  • Old Polish: jeść (yescz/gescz)
    • Polish: jeść
  • Slovak: jesť
  • Slovincian: jìe̯sc[5]
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: jěsć[6]
    • Lower Sorbian: jěsć

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̀sti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
2. Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ѣсти, ѣмь”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, ѣмь column 1623
3. Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ꙗсти, ꙗмь”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, ꙗмь column 1666
4. Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1978), “ѣсти, ѣмь”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11–17th cent.] (in Russian), issue 5 (е – зинутие), Moscow: Nauka, page 63
5. Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “jìe̯sc”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 395
6. Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “jěsć”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 238

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsti, *ědmь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 53
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědenьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 39
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěstvo / *ěstva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 54
• Chernykh, P. (1993), “есть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 288
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ем”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ешь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress