< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *ěsknъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áiˀšknas. Morphologically equivalent to *ěska (“bright light”) + *-nъ. Akin with Lithuanian áiškus.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”)[1]. Compare Tocharian B yesäñ, Thracian Αι̃νος (Aĩnos, “Aenus”) (town in Eastern Thrace).
Adjective
*ě̀snъ[1][2]
- clear, bright
- Synonyms: *světьlъ, *jarъkъ
- clear, serene (weather/sky)
- Synonym: *vedrъ
- clear, lucid, distinct
Alternative forms
- *ěsьnъ, *jasьnъ (reanalyzed at later times)
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ěsnъ | *ěsna | *ěsno |
| Accusative | *ěsnъ | *ěsnǫ | *ěsno |
| Genitive | *ěsna | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Locative | *ěsně | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Dative | *ěsnu | *ěsně | *ěsnu |
| Instrumental | *ěsnomь | *ěsnojǫ | *ěsnomь |
| Vocative | *ěsne | *ěsno | *ěsno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Accusative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Genitive | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| Locative | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| Dative | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| Instrumental | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| Vocative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Accusative | *ěsny | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Genitive | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ |
| Locative | *ěsněxъ | *ěsnaxъ | *ěsněxъ |
| Dative | *ěsnomъ | *ěsnamъ | *ěsnomъ |
| Instrumental | *ěsny | *ěsnami | *ěsny |
| Vocative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
Definite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| Accusative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnoje |
| Genitive | *ěsnajego | *ěsnyję | *ěsnajego |
| Locative | *ěsnějemь | *ěsněji | *ěsnějemь |
| Dative | *ěsnujemu | *ěsněji | *ěsnujemu |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Accusative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Genitive | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| Locative | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| Dative | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| Vocative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
| Accusative | *ěsnyję | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
| Genitive | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ |
| Locative | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ |
| Dative | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
See also
- *jistъ, *rěsnъ, *ščirъ
- *jьskati
Derived terms
- *ěsno n (“clear sky”)
- Czech: jasno
- *ěsniti (“to make clear”)
- *ěsněti (“to be clear, visible”)
- *ěsъ, *ěsa (“clarity”) (back-formation)
- *ěsnota, *ěsnostь (“clarity”)
- *ěsninа (“clear sky”)
Related terms
- *ěska (“bright light, star”)
- *jьskra (“spark”)
- *jьskrъ, *ěskrъ, *ěskravъ (“bright, brilliant”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗсьнꙑи (jasĭnyj)
- Belarusian: я́сны (jásny)
- Russian: я́сный (jásnyj)
- Old Ukrainian: ясный (jasnyj)
- Ukrainian: я́сни́й (jásnýj)
- Old East Slavic: ꙗсьнꙑи (jasĭnyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ꙗснъ (jasnŭ)
- Bulgarian: я́сен (jásen)
- Macedonian: јасен (jasen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̀сан
- Latin: jàsan
- Slovene: jásen
- Old Church Slavonic: ꙗснъ (jasnŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jasný
- Czech: jasný
- Kashubian: jasny
- Polish: jasny
- Slovak: jasný
- Slovincian: jasnḯ
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: jasny
- Lower Sorbian: jasny, jěsny (“fast, quick; early, timely”)
- Old Czech: jasný
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “я́сный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsknъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ясный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 474
- ясний in Горох.ua (етимологія)
- “aiškus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̀snъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153: “adj. o (a) ‘clear’”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “jasen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ě̋snъ, *ja̋snъ”