< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěpa
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
*ě̀pa
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēpāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *oypeh₂.
Baltic cognates include Latvian iẽpa (“blister on the skin”).
Noun
*ě̀pa f
- burl (on a tree)
- growth, tumor
Inflection
Declension of *ě̀pa (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ě̀pa | *ěpě | *ěpy |
| Accusative | *ěpǫ | *ěpě | *ěpy |
| Genitive | *ěpy | *ěpu | *ěpъ |
| Locative | *ěpě | *ěpu | *ěpasъ, *ěpaxъ* |
| Dative | *ěpě | *ěpama | *ěpamъ |
| Instrumental | *ěpojǫ, *ěpǫ** | *ěpama | *ěpami |
| Vocative | *ě̀po | *ěpě | *ěpy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: я́па (jápa), уя́па (ujápa, “hernia in cattle; burl, tree growth”) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: я́па (jápa, “burl, tree growth; tumor in body”) (Eastern and Central Polissian dialect)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: я́пина (jápyna, “burl”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: япинува́тий (japynuvátyj, “burl-covered (tree)”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: я́пина (jápyna, “burl”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја́пити (“be open (wound or door)”)
- Latin: jápiti (“be open (wound or door)”)
- ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěpa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 49
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ěpa”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, →ISBN, page 132