< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ědъkъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From *ědъ (“poison”) + *-ъkъ. Further origin disputed between:
- < Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”) if originally referring to “biting, rodent”. Such a meaning is attested in Lithuanian ėdùs, ėdantis.
- < Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, to burn”) if originally conveying “burning, caustic”.
Adjective
*ědъkъ
- acrid, caustic, corrosive (for substance)
- pungent, tart, bitter (for taste)
- (figurative) sarcastic, spiteful (for behaviour, words)
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ědъkъ | *ědъka | *ědъko |
| Accusative | *ědъkъ | *ědъkǫ | *ědъko |
| Genitive | *ědъka | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Locative | *ědъkě | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Dative | *ědъku | *ědъkě | *ědъku |
| Instrumental | *ědъkomь | *ědъkojǫ | *ědъkomь |
| Vocative | *ědъke | *ědъko | *ědъko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Accusative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Genitive | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| Locative | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| Dative | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| Instrumental | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| Vocative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Accusative | *ědъky | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Genitive | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ |
| Locative | *ědъkěxъ | *ědъkaxъ | *ědъkěxъ |
| Dative | *ědъkomъ | *ědъkamъ | *ědъkomъ |
| Instrumental | *ědъky | *ědъkami | *ědъky |
| Vocative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| Accusative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkoje |
| Genitive | *ědъkajego | *ědъkyję | *ědъkajego |
| Locative | *ědъkějemь | *ědъkěji | *ědъkějemь |
| Dative | *ědъkujemu | *ědъkěji | *ědъkujemu |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Accusative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Genitive | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| Locative | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| Dative | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| Vocative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
| Accusative | *ědъkyję | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
| Genitive | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ |
| Locative | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ |
| Dative | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
Related terms
- *ědьnъ, *ědьlivъ (“mordent, scathing”)
- *ědovitъ (“irate, angry”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: е́дкий (jédkij)
- Ukrainian: їдки́й (jidkýj)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: је̏дак, ји́дак, ијѐдак
- Latin: jȅdak, jídak, ijèdak
- Slovene: jẹ́dǝk (tonal orthography)
- ⇒ Slovene: jẹ̑dkati (“to erode”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Slovak: jedký
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “jedek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
- “ėdus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
Etymology 2
From *ěsti (“to eat”) + *-ъkъ, cognate with Lithuanian ėdrùs (“edacious”). Trubačev (ESSJa) treats this sense as a variation of Etymology 1.
Adjective
*ědъkъ
- esculent, edible
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ědъkъ | *ědъka | *ědъko |
| Accusative | *ědъkъ | *ědъkǫ | *ědъko |
| Genitive | *ědъka | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Locative | *ědъkě | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Dative | *ědъku | *ědъkě | *ědъku |
| Instrumental | *ědъkomь | *ědъkojǫ | *ědъkomь |
| Vocative | *ědъke | *ědъko | *ědъko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Accusative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Genitive | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| Locative | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| Dative | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| Instrumental | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| Vocative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Accusative | *ědъky | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| Genitive | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ |
| Locative | *ědъkěxъ | *ědъkaxъ | *ědъkěxъ |
| Dative | *ědъkomъ | *ědъkamъ | *ědъkomъ |
| Instrumental | *ědъky | *ědъkami | *ědъky |
| Vocative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| Accusative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkoje |
| Genitive | *ědъkajego | *ědъkyję | *ědъkajego |
| Locative | *ědъkějemь | *ědъkěji | *ědъkějemь |
| Dative | *ědъkujemu | *ědъkěji | *ědъkujemu |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Accusative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Genitive | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| Locative | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| Dative | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| Vocative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
| Accusative | *ědъkyję | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
| Genitive | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ |
| Locative | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ |
| Dative | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję | *ědъkaja |
Related terms
- *ědivъ (“tasty”), *ědomъ (“suitable to eat”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: е́дкі (jédki), ядкі́ (jadkí)
- Russian: едко́й (jedkój) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ядък (jadǎk) (rare)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: я́дка (jádka, “nut (of fruit)”)
- Bulgarian: ядък (jadǎk) (rare)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: jedký
- Polish: jedki (“tasty”) (dialectal)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47