Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ęzykъ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ęzykъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *inźūˀ-kas, extended from Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. By surface analysis, **ęzy +‎ *-kъ.

Noun

*ęzỳkъ m[1][2]

1. tongue
2. language

Inflection

Declension of *ęzỳkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ęzỳkъ	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳci
Accusative	*ęzỳkъ	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳky
Genitive	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳkъ
Locative	*ęzỳcě	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳcě̄xъ
Dative	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳkoma	*ęzỳkomъ
Instrumental	*ęzỳkъmь, *ęzỳkomь*	*ęzỳkoma	*ęzỳkȳ
Vocative	*ęzỳče	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ꙗзꙑкъ (jazykŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: ꙗ҆зы́къ (jazýk, “tongue, language”)
      • Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk, “tongue (only)”)
      • Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
      • Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk, “tongue (only)”)
    • Russian: язы́к (jazýk)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱗⰸⱏⰹⰽⱏ (językŭ)

  • Bulgarian: ези́к (ezík), е́нзик (énzik), индзи́к (indzík) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: јазик (jazik)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: јѐзик

    Latin: jèzik

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): jazȉk
    • Chakavian (Iž): jazȉk
  • Slovene: jézik (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jazyk
    • Czech: jazyk
  • Kashubian: jãzëk
  • Polabian: jǫzĕk
  • Polish: język
  • Silesian: jynzyk
  • Slovak: jazyk
  • Slovincian: jãzek
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jězyk
    • Upper Sorbian: jazyk

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “язык”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. (1993), “язык”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 467
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ęzykъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 74

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ęzỳkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159: “m. o (a) ‘tongue, language’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “językъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 187; PR 132)”