Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ętro

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *entrá, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entrom.

Baltic cognates include Old Prussian instran (“fat”).

Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit आन्त्र n (āntrá, “intestine”), Ancient Greek ἔντερα n (éntera, “entrails”, pl.).

Noun

*ę̄trò n

liver

Inflection

Declension of *ę̄trò (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ę̄trò	*ę̃trě	*ę̄trà
Accusative	*ę̄trò	*ę̃trě	*ę̄trà
Genitive	*ę̄trà	*ę̄trù	*ę̃trъ
Locative	*ę̄trě̀	*ę̄trù	*ę̃trěxъ
Dative	*ę̄trù	*ę̄tròma	*ę̄tròmъ
Instrumental	ę̄trъ̀mь, ę̄tròmь^*	*ę̄tròma	*ę̃try
Vocative	*ę̄trò	*ę̃trě	*ę̄trà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*ę̄drò
*ǭtrà
*ǭtrò
*ǭtròba

Descendants

Church Slavonic: ꙗтро (jatro) (Russian)

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗтро (jatro, “liver, (pl.) entrails”)
  - Russian: я́тро (játro), ятро́ (jatró, “entrails, eggs”), pl. я́тра (játra)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ятро́ (jatró)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: је̏тра (pl.); је̑тра (pl.) (Dubrovnik)
  Latin: jȅtra (pl.); jȇtra (pl.) (Dubrovnik)
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): jⁱẽtra (pl.)
- Slovene: jẹ́tra (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: játry (pl.)
  - Czech: játra (pl.)
- Polabian: jǫtră (pl.)
- Slovak: jatrá
- Slovincian: jĩtřă
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: jatra, jětro
  - Lower Sorbian: jětša, jětšo

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ę̄trò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ятра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ętro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 72