< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrvenъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Passive participle of *čьrviti (“to dye red”), from *čьrvь (“worm”), certain worms being used to manufacture red dye.
Adjective
*čьrvenъ[1]
- red
Declension
Indefinite declension of *čьrvenъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čьrvenъ | *čьrvena | *čьrveno |
| Accusative | *čьrvenъ | *čьrvenǫ | *čьrveno |
| Genitive | *čьrvena | *čьrveny | *čьrvena |
| Locative | *čьrveně | *čьrveně | *čьrveně |
| Dative | *čьrvenu | *čьrveně | *čьrvenu |
| Instrumental | *čьrvenomь | *čьrvenojǫ | *čьrvenomь |
| Vocative | *čьrvene | *čьrveno | *čьrveno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrvena | *čьrveně | *čьrveně |
| Accusative | *čьrvena | *čьrveně | *čьrveně |
| Genitive | *čьrvenu | *čьrvenu | *čьrvenu |
| Locative | *čьrvenu | *čьrvenu | *čьrvenu |
| Dative | *čьrvenoma | *čьrvenama | *čьrvenoma |
| Instrumental | *čьrvenoma | *čьrvenama | *čьrvenoma |
| Vocative | *čьrvena | *čьrveně | *čьrveně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrveni | *čьrveny | *čьrvena |
| Accusative | *čьrveny | *čьrveny | *čьrvena |
| Genitive | *čьrvenъ | *čьrvenъ | *čьrvenъ |
| Locative | *čьrveněxъ | *čьrvenaxъ | *čьrveněxъ |
| Dative | *čьrvenomъ | *čьrvenamъ | *čьrvenomъ |
| Instrumental | *čьrveny | *čьrvenami | *čьrveny |
| Vocative | *čьrveni | *čьrveny | *čьrvena |
Definite declension of *čьrvenъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čьrvenъjь | *čьrvenaja | *čьrvenoje |
| Accusative | *čьrvenъjь | *čьrvenǫjǫ | *čьrvenoje |
| Genitive | *čьrvenajego | *čьrvenyję | *čьrvenajego |
| Locative | *čьrvenějemь | *čьrveněji | *čьrvenějemь |
| Dative | *čьrvenujemu | *čьrveněji | *čьrvenujemu |
| Instrumental | *čьrvenyjimi | *čьrvenǫjǫ | *čьrvenyjimi |
| Vocative | *čьrvenъjь | *čьrvenaja | *čьrvenoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrvenaja | *čьrveněji | *čьrveněji |
| Accusative | *čьrvenaja | *čьrveněji | *čьrveněji |
| Genitive | *čьrvenuju | *čьrvenuju | *čьrvenuju |
| Locative | *čьrvenuju | *čьrvenuju | *čьrvenuju |
| Dative | *čьrvenyjima | *čьrvenyjima | *čьrvenyjima |
| Instrumental | *čьrvenyjima | *čьrvenyjima | *čьrvenyjima |
| Vocative | *čьrvenaja | *čьrveněji | *čьrveněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrveniji | *čьrvenyję | *čьrvenaja |
| Accusative | *čьrvenyję | *čьrvenyję | *čьrvenaja |
| Genitive | *čьrvenъjixъ | *čьrvenъjixъ | *čьrvenъjixъ |
| Locative | *čьrvenyjixъ | *čьrvenyjixъ | *čьrvenyjixъ |
| Dative | *čьrvenyjimъ | *čьrvenyjimъ | *čьrvenyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čьrvenyjimi | *čьrvenyjimi | *čьrvenyjimi |
| Vocative | *čьrveniji | *čьrvenyję | *čьrvenaja |
Alternative forms
- *čьrvľenъ
Derived terms
- *čьrv(j)eněti
- *čьrv(j)enica
- *čьrv(j)eniti
- *čьrv(j)enь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: чырво́ны (čyrvóny)
- Russian: черво́нный (červónnyj)
- Rusyn: червеный (červenŷj)
- Ukrainian: черво́ний (červónyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: чрьвенъ (črĭvenŭ), чрьвлѥнъ (črĭvljenŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰵⱀⱏ (črĭvenŭ), ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰾⱖⱀⱏ (črĭvlǫnŭ)
- Bulgarian: черве́н (červén)
- Macedonian: црвен (crven)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: цр̀вен
- Latin: cr̀ven
- Slovene: črlèn
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: črvený
- Czech: červený
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): červenyj
- Czech: červený
- Kashubian: czerwiony
- Polabian: carvenĕ
- Old Polish: czerwiony
- Polish: czerwony
- Silesian: czyrwōny
- Slovak: červený
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: čerwjeny
- Lower Sorbian: cerwjeny
- Old Czech: črvený
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ | *sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ/*smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ, (of animals) *gnědъ | *žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrv(j)enъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 168
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čьrvjenъ; *čьrvenъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93: “adj. o ‘red’”