< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
*čь̀rnъ (sense 1) pъtákъ
*čь̀rnъ (sense 2) lȋstъ
*čь̀rnъ (sense 3) čelověkъ
Etymology
From earlier *čьrxnъ < *kьršnъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kiršnas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas (“black (about a horse)”), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa, “black; dark”), Persian کرسنه (“dirty”).
Adjective
*čь̀rnъ[1][2][3]
- black (the darkest color)
- čь̀rnъ:
- Antonym: *bě̃lъ
- dark (color close to black)
- Synonym: *tьmь̀nъ
- Antonyms: *ě̀snъ, *světьlъ, *jarъkъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rna àgoda ― whortleberry, Vaccinium myrtillus
- *čь̀rna vodà ― deep water
- *čь̀rnъ lě̑sъ ― black, deep forest
- *čь̀rna gorà ― dark mountain, hill
- *čь̀rna nòťь ― dark night
- *čь̀rnъ xlě̀bъ ― wholemeal bread
- *čь̀rna jьstъbà ― dark room with a hearth
- dirty
- Synonym: *brudьnъ
- Antonyms: *čìstъ, *bě̃lъ
- → (figuratively) bad, evil
- Synonym: *zъlъ
- Antonyms: *dòbrъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rnъ bȍgъ ― bad luck
- → (figuratively) sad
- → (figuratively) unfortunate, unhappy
- Synonym: *nesъčęstьlivъ
- Antonym: *sъčęstьlivъ
- *čь̀rnъ dь̏nь ― unlucky day
- *čь̀rna bolestь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna nemoťь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna sъmьrtь ― severe infectious disease
Declension
Indefinite declension of *čьrnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rno |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnǫ | *čь̀rno |
| Genitive | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Locative | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Dative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rnu |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnomь | *čь̀rnojǫ | *čь̀rnomь |
| Vocative | *čь̀rne | *čь̀rno | *čь̀rno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Accusative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| Locative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| Dative | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| Vocative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Accusative | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ |
| Locative | *čь̀rněxъ | *čь̀rnaxъ | *čь̀rněxъ |
| Dative | *čь̀rnomъ | *čь̀rnamъ | *čь̀rnomъ |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rnami | *čь̀rny |
| Vocative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
Definite declension of *čьrnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnoje |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnajego | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnajego |
| Locative | *čь̀rnějemь | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnějemь |
| Dative | *čь̀rnujemu | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnujemu |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnyjimi |
| Vocative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| Locative | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| Dative | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| Vocative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ |
| Locative | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ |
| Dative | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi |
| Vocative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
Derived terms
nouns
- *čьrnakъ m
- *čьrnědь f
- *čьrnica f
- *čьrnica f
- *čьrnika f
- *čьrnikъ m
- *čьrnina f
- *čьrnizna f
- *čьrnь f
- *čьrnьcь m
- *čьrňa f
- *čьrňadь f
- *čьrňakъ m
- *čьrnoba f
- *čьrnobylь f
- *čьrnobylъ m
- *čьrnostь f
- *čьrnota f
- *čьrnozemъ n
- *čьrnǫga f
- *čьrnǫgъ m
- *čьrnuľa f
- *čьrnuša f
- *čьrnušъ m
- *čьrnuxa f
- *čьrnuxъ m
verbs
- *čьrněti impf
- *čьrniti impf
adjectives
- *čьrnastъ
- *čьrnatъ
- *čьrnavъ
- *čьrnistъ
- *čьrnobrъvъ
- *čьrnogolvъ
- *čьrnookъ
- *čьrnovatъ
- *čьrnovolsъ
- *čьrnovъ
adverbs
- *čьrno
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чьрнъ (čĭrnŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: чо́рный (čórnyj)
- Belarusian: чо́рны (čórny)
- Rusyn: чо́рный (čórnŷj)
- Ukrainian: чо́рний (čórnyj)
- Russian: чёрный (čórnyj)
- Old Ruthenian: чо́рный (čórnyj)
- Old East Slavic: чьрнъ (čĭrnŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: чрьнъ (črĭnŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⱀⱏ (črĭnŭ)
- Bulgarian: черен (čeren)
- Macedonian: црн (crn)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: цр̑н, чрн, чарн
- Latin: cȓn, črn, čarn
- Slovene: čŕn (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Kashubian: czôrny
- Old Czech: črný
- Czech: černý
- Moravian (Mistřice): čérní
- Czech: černý
- Old Polish: czarny, czyrny
- Polish: czarny, czárny (obsolete or dialectal)
- Silesian: czŏrny
- Slovak: čierny
- Slovincian: čǻrnï
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: carny
- Upper Sorbian: čorny
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ | *sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ/*smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ, (of animals) *gnědъ | *žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “черный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “черный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 383
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
- https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Черный/
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (b) ‘black’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrnъ čьrna čьrno”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b black (NA 125, 142; SA 108, 146, 172, 199; PR 136)”
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čŕ̥nъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 240