< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čitavъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *čitъ + *-avъ, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *cělъ (“whole”) and less likely to Proto-Slavic *čisti (“to read, to count”). In some dialects (e.g. Bulgarian), the outcome of *čitavъ has become partially synonymous with the outcome of *čistъ (“clean, pure”).
Adjective
*čitavъ
- whole, intact
- total, net
Declension
Indefinite declension of *čitavъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čitavъ | *čitava | *čitavo |
| Accusative | *čitavъ | *čitavǫ | *čitavo |
| Genitive | *čitava | *čitavy | *čitava |
| Locative | *čitavě | *čitavě | *čitavě |
| Dative | *čitavu | *čitavě | *čitavu |
| Instrumental | *čitavomь | *čitavojǫ | *čitavomь |
| Vocative | *čitave | *čitavo | *čitavo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čitava | *čitavě | *čitavě |
| Accusative | *čitava | *čitavě | *čitavě |
| Genitive | *čitavu | *čitavu | *čitavu |
| Locative | *čitavu | *čitavu | *čitavu |
| Dative | *čitavoma | *čitavama | *čitavoma |
| Instrumental | *čitavoma | *čitavama | *čitavoma |
| Vocative | *čitava | *čitavě | *čitavě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čitavi | *čitavy | *čitava |
| Accusative | *čitavy | *čitavy | *čitava |
| Genitive | *čitavъ | *čitavъ | *čitavъ |
| Locative | *čitavěxъ | *čitavaxъ | *čitavěxъ |
| Dative | *čitavomъ | *čitavamъ | *čitavomъ |
| Instrumental | *čitavy | *čitavami | *čitavy |
| Vocative | *čitavi | *čitavy | *čitava |
Definite declension of *čitavъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čitavъjь | *čitavaja | *čitavoje |
| Accusative | *čitavъjь | *čitavǫjǫ | *čitavoje |
| Genitive | *čitavajego | *čitavyję | *čitavajego |
| Locative | *čitavějemь | *čitavěji | *čitavějemь |
| Dative | *čitavujemu | *čitavěji | *čitavujemu |
| Instrumental | *čitavyjimi | *čitavǫjǫ | *čitavyjimi |
| Vocative | *čitavъjь | *čitavaja | *čitavoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čitavaja | *čitavěji | *čitavěji |
| Accusative | *čitavaja | *čitavěji | *čitavěji |
| Genitive | *čitavuju | *čitavuju | *čitavuju |
| Locative | *čitavuju | *čitavuju | *čitavuju |
| Dative | *čitavyjima | *čitavyjima | *čitavyjima |
| Instrumental | *čitavyjima | *čitavyjima | *čitavyjima |
| Vocative | *čitavaja | *čitavěji | *čitavěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čitaviji | *čitavyję | *čitavaja |
| Accusative | *čitavyję | *čitavyję | *čitavaja |
| Genitive | *čitavъjixъ | *čitavъjixъ | *čitavъjixъ |
| Locative | *čitavyjixъ | *čitavyjixъ | *čitavyjixъ |
| Dative | *čitavyjimъ | *čitavyjimъ | *čitavyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čitavyjimi | *čitavyjimi | *čitavyjimi |
| Vocative | *čitaviji | *čitavyję | *čitavaja |
Derived terms
- *čitavostь (“integrity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: чи́тавий (čýtavyj, “strong, great”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: чи́тав (čítav, “wholesome, whole, intact; dial. pure”)
- Macedonian: читав (čitav, “whole, intact”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: чи̏тав (“whole, total, overall”)
- Latin: čȉtav (“whole, total, overall”)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čitavъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 123