< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čistъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skīstas, *skaistas, from Proto-Indo-European *skidtos (by Winter's law), *skoydtos, from *(s)keyd-.
Cognate with Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) and/or skáistas (“beautiful, pretty”), Latvian šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”) and Old Prussian skijstan (“pure”).
Adjective
*čìstъ[1][2]
- clean, pure
- *čistъ [otъ] (with genitive) ― free from something
- *čistъ grěxa, čistъ otъ grěxa ― free from guilt
- *do čista ― completely, utterly
- *čista voda ― clear, transparent, uncontaminated water
- *čisto nebo ― clear sky, sunny, without clouds
- *čisto zolto ― pure gold
- *čisto sьrebro ― pure silver
- *čista pravьda ― evident, obvious truth
- *čisto sьrdьce ― pure heart, innocent heart
- *čisto polje ― open field
- *čistъ pǫtь ― clear path
- *čistъ [otъ] (with genitive) ― free from something
Declension
Accent paradigm a.
Indefinite declension of *čistъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čìstъ | *čìsta | *čìsto |
| Accusative | *čìstъ | *čìstǫ | *čìsto |
| Genitive | *čìsta | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| Locative | *čìstě | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| Dative | *čìstu | *čìstě | *čìstu |
| Instrumental | *čìstomь | *čìstojǫ | *čìstomь |
| Vocative | *čìste | *čìsto | *čìsto |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| Accusative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| Genitive | *čìstu | *čìstu | *čìstu |
| Locative | *čìstu | *čìstu | *čìstu |
| Dative | *čìstoma | *čìstama | *čìstoma |
| Instrumental | *čìstoma | *čìstama | *čìstoma |
| Vocative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čìsti | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| Accusative | *čìsty | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| Genitive | *čìstъ | *čìstъ | *čìstъ |
| Locative | *čìstěxъ | *čìstaxъ | *čìstěxъ |
| Dative | *čìstomъ | *čìstamъ | *čìstomъ |
| Instrumental | *čìsty | *čìstami | *čìsty |
| Vocative | *čìsti | *čìsty | *čìsta |
Definite declension of *čistъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čìstъjь | *čìstaja | *čìstoje |
| Accusative | *čìstъjь | *čìstǫjǫ | *čìstoje |
| Genitive | *čìstajego | *čìstyję | *čìstajego |
| Locative | *čìstějemь | *čìstěji | *čìstějemь |
| Dative | *čìstujemu | *čìstěji | *čìstujemu |
| Instrumental | *čìstyjimi | *čìstǫjǫ | *čìstyjimi |
| Vocative | *čìstъjь | *čìstaja | *čìstoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| Accusative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| Genitive | *čìstuju | *čìstuju | *čìstuju |
| Locative | *čìstuju | *čìstuju | *čìstuju |
| Dative | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima |
| Instrumental | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima |
| Vocative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čìstiji | *čìstyję | *čìstaja |
| Accusative | *čìstyję | *čìstyję | *čìstaja |
| Genitive | *čìstъjixъ | *čìstъjixъ | *čìstъjixъ |
| Locative | *čìstyjixъ | *čìstyjixъ | *čìstyjixъ |
| Dative | *čìstyjimъ | *čìstyjimъ | *čìstyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čìstyjimi | *čìstyjimi | *čìstyjimi |
| Vocative | *čìstiji | *čìstyję | *čìstaja |
Derived terms
- *čìstě, *čìsto (“clearly, purely”)
- *čìstiti (“to clean, purify”)
- *čìstota (“cleanness, purity”)
Related terms
- *cěditi (“to strain, filter”)
- *cěstiti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чистъ (čistŭ)
- Belarusian: чы́сты (čýsty)
- Russian: чи́стый (čístyj)
- Rusyn: чы́стий (čŷ́styj)
- Ukrainian: чи́стий (čýstyj)
- Old East Slavic: чистъ (čistŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: чистъ (čistŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⱏ (čistŭ)
- Bulgarian: чист (čist)
- Macedonian: чист (čist)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: чи̏ст
- Latin: čȉst
- Slovene: čȋst (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: čistý
- Czech: čistý
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): čistyj
- Czech: čistý
- Kashubian: czësti
- Polabian: caist, caistĕ
- Polish: czysty
- Silesian: czisty
- Slovak: čistý
- Slovincian: čĩstï, čì·stï
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: čisty
- Lower Sorbian: cysty
- Old Czech: čistý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чистый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čistъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 120
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*čistъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 204
- “skystas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čìstъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90: “adj. o (a) ‘clean, pure’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čistъ čista čisto”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 23, 123, 188, 199; PR 133; MP 22)”