< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/činiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Causative-iterative of *činǫti (“to probe, to gauge”) + *-iti (cognate with Ancient Greek τῐ́νω (tínō, “to pay honor”)) and/or related noun *činъ (“rank, status”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to enquire, to evaluate”) < *kʷ- (interrogative particle).
Verb
*činìti[1][2]
- (transitive) to instigate, to cause
- Synonym: *raděti
- → to prepare, to commence
- → to compile, to conjure
- → to accomplish, to fulfill
- → to raise, to set up
- (transitive) to do, to perform
- Synonyms: *děti, *dělati, *praviti
- (intransitive, abstract) to constitute, to stand for, to be worth
Inflection
Conjugation of *činiti, *čini, *činitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *čiňenьje | *činiti | *činitъ | *činilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *čiňenъ | *činimъ |
| Active | *čiňь | *činę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *činixъ | *čini | *čini | *čiňǫ | *činiši | *činitь |
| Dual | *činixově | *činista | *činiste | *činivě | *činita | *činite |
| Plural | *činixomъ | *činiste | *činišę | *činimъ | *činite | *činętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *čiňaaxъ | *čiňaaše | *čiňaaše | — | *čini | *čini |
| Dual | *čiňaaxově | *čiňaašeta | *čiňaašete | *činivě | *činita | — |
| Plural | *čiňaaxomъ | *čiňaašete | *čiňaaxǫ | *činimъ | *činite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*činivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *činъ (“rank”)
- *pričina (“cause”)
- *načinъ (“manner”)
- *činьnъ, *činovъ (“official, functional”)
- *činovьnikъ
- *cěniti (“to value, to esteem”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: чыні́ць (čynícʹ)
- Russian: чини́ть (činítʹ)
- Ukrainian: чини́ти (čynýty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: чинити (činiti)
- Glagolitic: ⱍⰻⱀⰻⱅⰻ (činiti)
- Bulgarian: чи́ня (čínja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: чѝнити
- Latin: čìniti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): činȉti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): činȉti
- Slovene: číniti
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: činiti
- Czech: činit
- Moravian (Mistřice): číňit
- Czech: činit
- Polish: czynić
- Slovak: činiť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: činić
- Lower Sorbian: cyniś
- Old Czech: činiti
- Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: csinál
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*činìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89: “v. (c)”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “činiti: činjǫ činitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gøre, udrette (PR 140)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чинить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “činiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si