< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.
Baltic cognates includeLithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sarəδa, “kind, nature”).
Noun
*čērdà f[1][2]
- file, herd
Inflection
Declension of *čērdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čērdà | *čẽrdě | *čērdỳ |
| Accusative | *čērdǫ̀ | *čẽrdě | *čērdỳ |
| Genitive | *čērdỳ | *čērdù | *čẽrdъ |
| Locative | *čērdě̀ | *čērdù | *čērdàsъ, *čērdàxъ* |
| Dative | *čērdě̀ | *čērdàma | *čērdàmъ |
| Instrumental | *čērdòjǫ, *čẽrdǫ** | *čērdàma | *čērdàmī |
| Vocative | *čerdo | *čẽrdě | *čērdỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *čẽrdъ
Derived terms
- *čērdìti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)
- Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)
- Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”), acc. череду́ (čeredú), че́реду (čéredu) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)
- → Polish: czereda
- → Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)
- Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- → Russian: чреда́ (čredá)
- Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)
- Latin: čréda
- Chakavian (Vrgada): črīdȁ (“herd of sheep”) (obsolete)
- Chakavian (Novi): črēdȁ (“herd of sheep”), acc. črȇdu
- Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: čřieda
- Czech: třída
- Moravian (Mistřice): střída
- Czech: třída
- Old Polish: czrzoda (“herd”)
- Polish: trzoda (“herd”)
- Slovak: črieda (“herd”)
- Slovincian: střȯ́u̯dă (“herd”)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)
- Czech: čřieda
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: cireadă, cârd
- → Hungarian: csorda
- → Romanian: ciurdă
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “череда”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čerda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 60
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čerdà; *čérdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘file, herd’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čerda čerdy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b herd; row; turn (NA 92, 141; PR 135)”