< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zęti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemb-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ-, and cognate with Lithuanian žem̃bti (“to sharpen, to cut slantwise”), Sanskrit जम्भते (jámbhate, “to snatch”), जम्भयति (jámbhayati, “to crush”). Suggested semantic development is cut > bite > frostbite > freeze. Vasmer generally agrees, and adds Albanian dhëmp (“painful”) as a cognate. Derksen further suggests a possible connection with *zǫbъ (“tooth”), in which case many other words are cognate, e.g. Sanskrit जम्भ (jámbha, “tooth”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “pin, nail”), English comb.
Verb
*zęti
- to freeze?
Inflection
Conjugation of *zęti, *zębe, *zębetь (?, -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *zębenьje | *zęti | *zętъ | *zęblъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *zębenъ | *zębomъ |
| Active | *zębъ | *zęby |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *zęb(ox)ъ | *zębe | *zębe | *zębǫ | *zębeši | *zębetь |
| Dual | *zęb(ox)ově | *zęb(e/os)ta | *zęb(e/os)te | *zębevě | *zębeta | *zębete |
| Plural | *zęb(ox)omъ | *zęb(e/os)te | *zębǫ, *zębošę | *zębemъ | *zębete | *zębǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *zęběaxъ | *zęběaše | *zęběaše | — | *zębi | *zębi |
| Dual | *zęběaxově | *zęběašeta | *zęběašete | *zęběvě | *zęběta | — |
| Plural | *zęběaxomъ | *zęběašete | *zęběaxǫ | *zęběmъ | *zęběte | — |
Derived terms
- *zębnǫti (“to suffer from cold”)
Related terms
- *zǫbъ (“tooth”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: зябци́ (zjabcí)
- Russian: зябти́ (zjabtí) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: зѧбоми (zębomi, nom. masc. pl. pres. pasv. part.)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: зе̑псти
- Latin: zȇpsti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): zẽsti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): zⁱẽs
- Kajkavian (Varaždin): zȩ̃psti
- Slovene: zẹ́bsti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: zábsti
- Slovak: ziabsť
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “зя́бнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 332
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zęti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “зя́бнуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress