< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zima
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Noun
*zimà f[1][2]
- winter
Declension
Declension of *zimà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zimà | *zȋmě | *zȋmy |
| Accusative | *zȋmǫ | *zȋmě | *zȋmy |
| Genitive | *zimý | *zimù | *zĩmъ |
| Locative | *zȋmě | *zimù | *zimàsъ, *zimàxъ* |
| Dative | *zimě̀ | *zimàma | *zimàmъ |
| Instrumental | *zimojǫ́ | *zimàma | *zimàmi |
| Vocative | *zimo | *zȋmě | *zȋmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: зима (zima)
- Old Ruthenian: зима́ (zimá)
- Belarusian: зіма́ (zimá)
- Rusyn: зи́ма (zýma)
- Ukrainian: зима́ (zymá)
- Middle Russian: зима́ (zimá)
- Russian: зима́ (zimá)
- Old Ruthenian: зима́ (zimá)
- Old Novgorodian: ꙁима (zima); жима (žima) (Old Pskovian)
- Old East Slavic: зима (zima)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: зима (zima)
- Glagolitic: ⰸⰹⰿⰰ (zima)
- Bulgarian: зи́ма (zíma)
- Macedonian: зи́ма (zíma)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: зи́ма
- Latin: zíma
- Slovene: zíma (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: zima
- Czech: zima
- Kashubian: zëma
- Polabian: zaimă
- Old Polish: zima
- Polish: zima
- Lesser Polish (Więciórka): źima
- Polish: zima
- Slovak: zima
- Slovincian: zȧ̃mă, zä̀·mă
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: zyma
- Lower Sorbian: zyma
- Old Czech: zima
See also
- (seasons) *vermę goda; *jaro / *vesna, *lěto, *(j)esenь, *zima
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “зима́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zimà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 544: “f. ā (c) ‘winter’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “zima zimy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c winter (NA 87, 141; SA 24, 44; PR 138)”