< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zelenъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Apparently originally participle of verb **zelti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źelˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. Morphologically *zel- + *-enъ.
Baltic cognates includeLithuanian žélti (“to sprout”), žãlias (“green”), žel̃vas (“greenish”),Latvian zelt (“to become green”), zaļš (“green”), Old Prussian saligan (“green”).
Indo-European cognates includeSanskrit हरि (hari, “fallow, yellowish, greenish”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬫𐬀 (zaranya),Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”),Albanian dhelpërë,Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green, greenish yellow”),Proto-Germanic *gelwaz (“yellow”).
Adjective
*zelènъ[1][2]
- green
Inflection
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *zelenъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zelenъ | *zelena | *zeleno |
| Accusative | *zelenъ | *zelenǫ | *zeleno |
| Genitive | *zelena | *zeleny | *zelena |
| Locative | *zeleně | *zeleně | *zeleně |
| Dative | *zelenu | *zeleně | *zelenu |
| Instrumental | *zelenomь | *zelenojǫ | *zelenomь |
| Vocative | *zelene | *zeleno | *zeleno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zelena | *zeleně | *zeleně |
| Accusative | *zelena | *zeleně | *zeleně |
| Genitive | *zelenu | *zelenu | *zelenu |
| Locative | *zelenu | *zelenu | *zelenu |
| Dative | *zelenoma | *zelenama | *zelenoma |
| Instrumental | *zelenoma | *zelenama | *zelenoma |
| Vocative | *zelena | *zeleně | *zeleně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zeleni | *zeleny | *zelena |
| Accusative | *zeleny | *zeleny | *zelena |
| Genitive | *zelenъ | *zelenъ | *zelenъ |
| Locative | *zeleněxъ | *zelenaxъ | *zeleněxъ |
| Dative | *zelenomъ | *zelenamъ | *zelenomъ |
| Instrumental | *zeleny | *zelenami | *zeleny |
| Vocative | *zeleni | *zeleny | *zelena |
Definite declension of *zelenъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zelenъjь | *zelenaja | *zelenoje |
| Accusative | *zelenъjь | *zelenǫjǫ | *zelenoje |
| Genitive | *zelenajego | *zelenyję | *zelenajego |
| Locative | *zelenějemь | *zeleněji | *zelenějemь |
| Dative | *zelenujemu | *zeleněji | *zelenujemu |
| Instrumental | *zelenyjimi | *zelenǫjǫ | *zelenyjimi |
| Vocative | *zelenъjь | *zelenaja | *zelenoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zelenaja | *zeleněji | *zeleněji |
| Accusative | *zelenaja | *zeleněji | *zeleněji |
| Genitive | *zelenuju | *zelenuju | *zelenuju |
| Locative | *zelenuju | *zelenuju | *zelenuju |
| Dative | *zelenyjima | *zelenyjima | *zelenyjima |
| Instrumental | *zelenyjima | *zelenyjima | *zelenyjima |
| Vocative | *zelenaja | *zeleněji | *zeleněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zeleniji | *zelenyję | *zelenaja |
| Accusative | *zelenyję | *zelenyję | *zelenaja |
| Genitive | *zelenъjixъ | *zelenъjixъ | *zelenъjixъ |
| Locative | *zelenyjixъ | *zelenyjixъ | *zelenyjixъ |
| Dative | *zelenyjimъ | *zelenyjimъ | *zelenyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *zelenyjimi | *zelenyjimi | *zelenyjimi |
| Vocative | *zeleniji | *zelenyję | *zelenaja |
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ | *sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ/*smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ, (of animals) *gnědъ | *žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
- *zelьje (“greens, herbs”)
- *zola
- *zolto (“gold”)
- *zьlčь (“bile”)
- *žьltъ (“yellow”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: зеленꙑи (zelenyj)
- Old Ruthenian: зеле́ный (zelényj)
- Belarusian: зялёны (zjaljóny)
- Rusyn: зеле́ный (zelénŷj)
- Ukrainian: зеле́ний (zelényj)
- Russian: зелёный (zeljónyj)
- Old Ruthenian: зеле́ный (zelényj)
- Old East Slavic: зеленꙑи (zelenyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: зеленъ (zelenŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰸⰵⰾⰵⱀⱏ (zelenŭ)
- Bulgarian: зеле́н (zelén)
- Macedonian: зелен (zelen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: зѐлен
- Latin: zèlen
- Slovene: zelȅn (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: zelený
- Czech: zelený
- Moravian (Mistřice): zelení
- Czech: zelený
- Kashubian: zelony
- Polish: zielony
- Silesian: zielōny
- Slovak: zelený
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: zeleny
- Lower Sorbian: zeleny
- Old Czech: zelený
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “зеленый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “зелёный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 322
- Куркина Л. В. (2010), “Комментарии к IV тому "Этимологического словаря словенского языка" Ф. Безлая”, in Этимология 2006‒2008, Moscow, page 164
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zelènъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 541: “adj. o (b) ‘green’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “zelenъ zelena zeleno”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b grøn (PR 136)”