< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zaraza
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *za- + *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) + *-a.
Noun
*zaraza f
- thrust
- → (by extension) obstacle, hindrance
- (by abstraction) infection, contagion
- Synonym: *kuga
Inflection
Declension of *zaraza (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *zaraza | *zarazě | *zarazy |
Accusative | *zarazǫ | *zarazě | *zarazy |
Genitive | *zarazy | *zarazu | *zarazъ |
Locative | *zarazě | *zarazu | *zarazasъ, *zarazaxъ* |
Dative | *zarazě | *zarazama | *zarazamъ |
Instrumental | *zarazojǫ, *zarazǫ** | *zarazama | *zarazami |
Vocative | *zarazo | *zarazě | *zarazy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *rězъ (“cut”)
- *rězati (“to cut”)
- *razъ (“tact, dash”)
- *porazina (“contagion”) (regional)
Derived terms
- *zaraziti (“to infect”)
- *zarazenъ (“infected”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: зара́за (zaráza)
- Belarusian: зара́за (zaráza)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: зараження (zaražennja)
- Russian: зара́за (zaráza)
- Old Ruthenian: зара́за (zaráza)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: зараза (zaraza, “hindrance”)
- Bulgarian: зара́за (zaráza)
- Macedonian: зараза (zaraza)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: за̑раза
- Latin: zȃraza
- West Slavic:
- Polish: zaraza
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “зараза”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “зараза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 607