< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zajьvъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *zaj- + *-ьvъ.[1] Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źōj-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰōi- / *ǵʰoi- : *ǵʰēi-, *ǵʰē- (“to be empty”).[2][3] An isolated Ukrainian formation, but it is of PIE origin. Perhaps the closest cognate is Ukrainian зойк (zojk, “scream; moan”) and зя́яти (zjájaty), зія́ти (zijáty, “to gape, to be wide open”). Per Melnychuk, of unknown origin.[4]
Adjective
*zàjьvъ[1]
- superfluous, redundant, supervacaneous
Declension
Indefinite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьva | *zàjьvo |
| Accusative | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvǫ | *zàjьvo |
| Genitive | *zàjьva | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| Locative | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| Dative | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvu |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvomь | *zàjьvojǫ | *zàjьvomь |
| Vocative | *zàjьve | *zàjьvo | *zàjьvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| Accusative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| Genitive | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu |
| Locative | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu |
| Dative | *zàjьvoma | *zàjьvama | *zàjьvoma |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvoma | *zàjьvama | *zàjьvoma |
| Vocative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zàjьvi | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| Accusative | *zàjьvy | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| Genitive | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvъ |
| Locative | *zàjьvěxъ | *zàjьvaxъ | *zàjьvěxъ |
| Dative | *zàjьvomъ | *zàjьvamъ | *zàjьvomъ |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvy | *zàjьvami | *zàjьvy |
| Vocative | *zàjьvi | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
Definite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvoje |
| Accusative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvǫjǫ | *zàjьvoje |
| Genitive | *zàjьvajego | *zàjьvyję | *zàjьvajego |
| Locative | *zàjьvějemь | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvějemь |
| Dative | *zàjьvujemu | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvujemu |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvyjimi | *zàjьvǫjǫ | *zàjьvyjimi |
| Vocative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| Accusative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| Genitive | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju |
| Locative | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju |
| Dative | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima |
| Vocative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zàjьviji | *zàjьvyję | *zàjьvaja |
| Accusative | *zàjьvyję | *zàjьvyję | *zàjьvaja |
| Genitive | *zàjьvъjixъ | *zàjьvъjixъ | *zàjьvъjixъ |
| Locative | *zàjьvyjixъ | *zàjьvyjixъ | *zàjьvyjixъ |
| Dative | *zàjьvyjimъ | *zàjьvyjimъ | *zàjьvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *zàjьvyjimi | *zàjьvyjimi | *zàjьvyjimi |
| Vocative | *zàjьviji | *zàjьvyję | *zàjьvaja |
Related terms
- *zijati (“to gape”)
- *zěvàti (“to yawn”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: за́йвий (zájvyj)
- → Russian: за́евый (zájevyj), за́ивый (záivyj) (Kursk, Voronezh dialects)
- Ukrainian: за́йвий (zájvyj)
References
- Shevelov, George Y. (2002) Історична фонологія української мови [A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kharkiv: Acta, →ISBN, page 326: “*zaj-ьv-ъ”
- Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav B. (1982), “за́йвий”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (in English), volume 2: Д – Ь, Ottawa: Ukr. Mohylo-Mazepian Acad. of Sciences & Ukr. Lang. Assoc., page 426
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑hē-, g̑hēi-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 418
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “за́йви́й”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 225