< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xyba
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Compare *xybati (“to sway”).
Noun
*xyba f
- fault
- mistake
Declension
Declension of *xyba (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xyba | *xybě | *xyby |
| Accusative | *xybǫ | *xybě | *xyby |
| Genitive | *xyby | *xybu | *xybъ |
| Locative | *xybě | *xybu | *xybasъ, *xybaxъ* |
| Dative | *xybě | *xybama | *xybamъ |
| Instrumental | *xybojǫ, *xybǫ** | *xybama | *xybami |
| Vocative | *xybo | *xybě | *xyby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: хиба (xiba), хыба (xyba)
- Belarusian: хі́ба (xíba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)
- Ukrainian: хи́ба (xýba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)
- Russian: хи́ба (xíba) (particle, dialectal)
- Old Ruthenian: хиба (xiba), хыба (xyba)
- South Slavic:
- Slovene: híba (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: chyba
- Old Polish: chyba
- Polish: chyba (particle)
- Slovak: chyba
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: chyba
- Upper Sorbian: khiba
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xyba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 153