Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvaliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *xvala +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*xvaliti impf (perfective *poxvaliti)

to praise

Conjugation

Conjugation of *xvaliti, *xvali, *xvalitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xvaľenьje	*xvaliti	*xvalitъ	*xvalilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xvaľenъ	*xvalimъ
Active	*xvaľь	*xvalę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xvalixъ	*xvali	*xvali	*xvaľǫ	*xvališi	*xvalitь
Dual	*xvalixově	*xvalista	*xvaliste	*xvalivě	*xvalita	*xvalite
Plural	*xvalixomъ	*xvaliste	*xvališę	*xvalimъ	*xvalite	*xvalętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xvaľaaxъ	*xvaľaaše	*xvaľaaše	—	*xvali	*xvali
Dual	*xvaľaaxově	*xvaľaašeta	*xvaľaašete	*xvalivě	*xvalita	—
Plural	*xvaľaaxomъ	*xvaľaašete	*xvaľaaxǫ	*xvalimъ	*xvalite	—

(*)*xvalivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хвалити (xvaliti)
  - Old Ruthenian: хвали́ти (xvalíti)[1][2]
    - Belarusian: хвалі́ць (xvalícʹ)
      - (Turov): хвалі́ць (xvalícʹ)
      - (Northwestern Belarus): хвалі́ць (xvalícʹ)
    - Ukrainian: хвали́ти (xvalýty)
  - Russian: хвали́ть (xvalítʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: хвалити (xvaliti)
  Glagolitic: ⱈⰲⰰⰾⰻⱅⰻ (xvaliti)
- Bulgarian: хваля (hvalja)
- Macedonian: фали (fali)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: хва́лити
  Latin: hváliti
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): fᵒālȉti
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): fȁlit
  - Chakavian (Stinatz): f'alit
  - Chakavian (Bibinje): fālȉti
  - Chakavian (Grobnik): hvālȉt
  - Chakavian (Rava island): fḁ̄lȉti
  - Chakavian (Drvenik island): fálit
  - Chakavian (Oštarije): fȃlit
  - Chakavian (Trogir): fãlit
  - Chakavian (Mrkoči, Batlug, Istria): hvālȉt
  - Chakavian (Zaglav, Dugi otok): fạ̄lȉti
  - Chakavian (Gračišće): hvālȉt
  - Chakavian (Duga Resa): fâlit
  - Kajkavian (Bednja): fāōlȉti
  - Kajkavian (Čabar): hu̯'a:let
  - Kajkavian (Ozalj): falȉti
  - Kajkavian (Varaždin): fạ̃liti
- Slovene: hvalīti (tonal orthography)
  - Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): χwȃlť
  - Styrian (Zadrečka dolina): x'vålːe̥t
  - Lower Carniolan (Kostel dialect): xˈvaːl’t
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chváliti
  - Czech: chválit
- Polabian: xolĕ (3rd singular)
- Old Polish: chwalić
  - Polish: chwalić
    - Lesser Polish (Więciórka): fåľić,kfåľić
    - Greater Polish (Łopienno): χvωľić
- Slovak: chváliť
- Slovincian: χvȧ̃lĕc
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: chwalić
  - Lower Sorbian: chwaliś

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xvaliti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 119
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хвалить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

Bulyka, A. M., editor (2016), “хвалити”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 36 (фолкга – чорно), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 54
Tymchenko, E. K. (2003), “хвалити”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of the 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 460

[1] Bulyka, A. M., editor (2016), “хвалити”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 36 (фолкга – чорно), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 54